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What is the World's Largest Power Plant?

Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov

The world's largest power plant is the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China. The project has been in development since 1994, and is expected to become fully operational in 2011. At that time, it is expected to be able to produce as much as 22.5 gigawatts (GW) of power. In August 2009, even before all the generators were online, the plant produced 18.3 GW, more than any other power plant in the world.

The Three Gorges Dam was a massive engineering project, and not without its controversies. Over 1 million people were relocated from the area to make way for the dam and the reservoir it created. There has also been a great deal of concern about water pollution and damage to the environment. Hydroelectric power is a relatively clean form of energy, however, and is expected to help reduce China's dependency on coal and other fossil fuels. The dam has also helped control flooding in the area, and reduced the severity of droughts downstream.

The largest power plant in the world is in China.
The largest power plant in the world is in China.

For many years, the world's largest power plant was a hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The bi-national project, led by the company Itaipu Binacional, was named in honor of an island that was at the location of the construction site, Itaipu, which means "singing stones" in the native Guarani language. The Itaipu dam can produce as much as 17.6 GW of power through its 18 installed hydroelectric generator units. In 1995, the dam was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by Popular Mechanics magazine.

A ship going through a lock at the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam.
A ship going through a lock at the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam.

The Itaipu dam was finished in May 5, 1984, but all 18 generators were not installed until 1991, meaning it didn't become the world's largest power plant until sometime around 1985. The dam took 14 years to built, with construction beginning in January 1970. In 2005, it provided 93% of the energy used by Paraguay and 20% of that consumed by Brazil. That is enough energy for millions of people. Itaipu also makes evident the deep cooperation and mutual trust between Brazil and Paraguay.

The Three Gorges Dam, which spans the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China.
The Three Gorges Dam, which spans the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China.

It is quite likely that hydroelectric dams will always claim the title of the world's largest power plant in the world for a while yet, as you can't easily beat a natural source of tremendous energy such as this. Hydroelectric dams are limited by the size of the river, however, whereas alternative sources such as nuclear and solar have no such limitations. Nuclear is limited by the quantity of nuclear fuel, solar by the energy output of the sun. Both quantities are absolutely huge, many times the human race's annual electricity consumption.

It is not easy to chain hydroelectric dams next to each other because of the huge flood basins they create. Sometime in the future, it would be unsurprising if a solar satellite installation took over for the title of the largest power plant. Though according to some, it wouldn't be the "world's largest," as it would be literally out of this world!

Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov

Michael is a longtime AboutMechanics contributor who specializes in topics relating to paleontology, physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and futurism. In addition to being an avid blogger, Michael is particularly passionate about stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and life extension therapies. He has also worked for the Methuselah Foundation, the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and the Lifeboat Foundation.

Learn more...
Michael Anissimov
Michael Anissimov

Michael is a longtime AboutMechanics contributor who specializes in topics relating to paleontology, physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and futurism. In addition to being an avid blogger, Michael is particularly passionate about stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and life extension therapies. He has also worked for the Methuselah Foundation, the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and the Lifeboat Foundation.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

anon150769

There's a newer, bigger and more powerful one. It's called Gian Carlo.

anon114665

The sun itself consistently generates roughly 384.6 yottawatts of power or (3.846 x 10^26)W. This is more energy in 1 second than all the energy ever used by man kind combined.

Of course, only a very small fraction of this radiation energy actually reaches the surface of the earth. In all technicality, all power generation energy comes from the sun anyway (except nuclear energy, which is still technically created solar energy, even if you include the process of enriching the uranium/plutonium).

Coal, and any other fossil fuel, was created by photosynthesis, and the creatures feeding on the plant life for millions of years. Water movement is caused by evaporation of water which moves it 'back up hill'. Lastly of course, solar panels, and windmills -- all from the sun. So keep in mind, we've always been using the sun for our electricity.

anon112147

Pretty much valuable information.

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    • The largest power plant in the world is in China.
      By: Franck Thomasse
      The largest power plant in the world is in China.
    • A ship going through a lock at the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam.
      By: Harvey Barrison
      A ship going through a lock at the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric dam.
    • The Three Gorges Dam, which spans the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China.
      By: Harvey Barrison
      The Three Gorges Dam, which spans the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China.