What is the Connection Between Propranolol and Anxiety?

Propranolol and anxiety are closely linked, as this medication blocks certain functions of the sympathetic nervous system associated with anxiety and stress. Regulators have approved this drug for the treatment of a variety of conditions, and a doctor may prescribe it for specific anxiety issues. It is not effective in the management of generalized anxiety, but can be useful for addressing anxiety in particular situations. The link between propranolol and anxiety has led the drug to be banned from some sporting events on the grounds that it might confer an unfair advantage.

This drug is a beta blocker. It reduces the blood flow, causing blood pressure to drop and usually slowing the heart rate as well. Doctors may prescribe propranolol for the treatment of hypertension. Tremors, migraines, and certain heart conditions can also be treated with propranolol. In the case of anxiety disorders, taking the drug before an anxiety-inducing event like public speaking can lower the heart rate, help the patient calm down, and eliminate shaking and tremors associated with anxiety.

Doctors may take advantage of the connection between propranolol and anxiety to manage severe anxiety in a patient as part of an overall treatment plan. The goal is usually to address anxiety so the patient no longer needs medication, but sometimes taking drugs to blunt anxious responses can be helpful. Patients may complicate their anxiety disorders with fear about the anxiety itself, in addition to the situation, and taking medications to reach a more calm, focused state may help break the cycle of escalating anxiety before appearing in public or engaging in other activities.

Pregnant and breastfeeding patients should not use propranolol. This medication is also not safe for use in patients with certain other medical conditions. A doctor will review a patient's medical record carefully before prescribing this medication. The nature of connection between propranolol and anxiety is also important, as a patient will not experience benefits from the medication if the issue is generalized or vague anxiety, rather than situational anxiety.

A doctor discussing propranolol and anxiety with a patient will usually include a discussion of other treatment options and varying approaches to treatment plans. Patients can work with a variety of mental health professionals to treat anxiety, and may need to see several care providers to find one they feel comfortable with. Patients who don't experience positive outcomes for anxiety treatment may need to see a different care provider.