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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

S. Mithra
S. Mithra

The autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects joints in causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility. About 1% of the population suffers from this type of arthritis, with women being two or three times as likely to develop it. While there is neither a known cause nor a cure for this degenerative condition, early diagnosis and treatment can extend joint flexibility and reduce discomfort.

The reason rheumatoid arthritis classifies as a systemic, autoimmune disorder is that it occurs throughout the body when the antibodies begin to attack healthy tissue. This type of arthritis can affect muscles and organs, in addition to joints, as it progresses. Usually, onset of rheumatoid arthritis occurs between 40-60 years old, and first manifests in the wrists and hands. The medical community believes there is a genetic as well as environmental factor in its development. Cigarette smoking increases your risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis goes through worsening stages, but can also have cycles of flaring up and going into remission. At first, joints stiffen and redden when their delicate lining, the synovium, swells. Symptoms will vary from pain and discomfort in symmetrical parts of the body, to a low fever, loss of appetite, or fatigue. Next, the body reacts by trying to cushion the joint, thickening the synovium. Finally, antibodies assault the entire joint by breaking down bone, ligaments, tendons, synovium, and cartilage. This results in deformed or askew joints that bend with difficulty. The whole joint area will be inflamed, discolored, heavy, and painful.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility.

Doctors can diagnose rheumatoid arthritis by taking a history of your joint paint and ruling out other types of arthritis. Treatment by a specialist, a rheumatologist, will be personalized to both reduce symptoms and postpone worsening joint health. Your tailored treatment might include mild exercise, anti-inflammatory medicine or cortisone shots to reduce swelling, analgesics to ease pain, or medication like prednisone to prevent further damage to joints. In some cases, your doctor might extract liquid from the joints with arthrocentesis. This relieves some pressure and gives the doctor something to chemically analyze. Overall, treatment of RA continues to improve with better medication and a broad understanding of this disease that affects the whole body.

Discussion Comments

kidneykathy

I just found out today I had a low-positive result for RA two years ago, but no one told me before. My fingers (I have trigger finger, too) and ankles all swelled up, and I am being referred to a rheumatologist.

anon140902

in ayurveda there are good treatments for it.

srinath2572

i'm a male, 36 years old, living in canada. i have lot of pain in my knees. doctor told me its arthritis, but i don't know yet, because he didn't check anything. i want to know which type arthritis i have. how does he decide without any tests? how do i prevent it?

jabuka

Drinking green tea might help with inflammation of joints. Of course it will not prevent rheumatoid arthritis, but it has shown to have beneficial effect.

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    • Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
      By: banglds
      Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility.
      By: hriana
      Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility.
    • Prednisone tablets can have many effects on the body, but are most commonly used for their anti-inflammatory properties.
      By: Thirteen Of Clubs
      Prednisone tablets can have many effects on the body, but are most commonly used for their anti-inflammatory properties.
    • Walking and stretching may be beneficial to those with rheumatoid arthritis.
      By: CandyBox Images
      Walking and stretching may be beneficial to those with rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Genetics is believed to be one of the primary causes of rheumatoid arthritis.
      By: maska82
      Genetics is believed to be one of the primary causes of rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Some rheumatoid arthritis patients have found acupuncture to be an effective treatment option.
      By: Alfred Wekelo
      Some rheumatoid arthritis patients have found acupuncture to be an effective treatment option.