What is Ornithogalum?

Ornithogalum is a plant genus that is part of the Hyacinthaceae family. It contains about 120 species of perennial herbs that are native to Africa, Europe, and western Asia. Nearly all the plants in this genus feature star shaped flowers and lance-shaped leaves. Landscapers use these plants in flower beds, borders, and as ground cover. They are relatively easy to maintain and are adaptable to different types of soil.

The genus name is derived from the Greek words orni and gala, which translate to "bird" and "milk," respectively. The name references the white flowers of the plants. Several species have common names which reflect the star like appearance of the flower. For example, Ornithogalum balansae is called the dwarf star of Bethlehem, and Ornithogalum narbonense is called the southern star of Bethlehem.

A majority of the species in the Ornithogalum genus are distributed across southern Africa. O. thyrsoides and O. dubium populate the northern and western Cape provinces of South Africa. O. umbellatum is cultivated in southern and central Europe, as well as southwestern Asia, and O. reverchonii is native to southwestern Spain and Morocco.

The plants in this genus grow up to 30 inches (about 76 cm) in height and spread about 4 inches (10 cm). Most have fleshy green leaves that are long and pointy and generally change color in the fall before dropping. The flower stalks are usually leafless.

The flowers of most species bloom in clusters. Each flower has about six white to cream colored petals that are arranged like a star. The center may be green or brown and usually fades through the season. The bloom period generally lasts from October to February.

The flowers of this genus are phototropic, which means they bend in response to the sunlight. Usually, the flowers bend toward the sunlight to maximize the amount of light energy that is absorbed. This helps the plant grow and develop more vibrant leaves and flowers.

Typically, Ornithogalum is a versatile plant genus that can adapt to many types of soil. O. magnum can grow in loamy, sandy, or clay soil, and it can thrive in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The main requirement for this plant is soil that is well-draining and fertile. The area should be somewhat protected from the wind, but it can be partially shaded from the sun. O. magnum can survive in both direct sunlight or shade, as long as it is properly watered.