What is Hematite?

Hematite is a type of iron oxide, meaning that it contains closely packed oxygen molecules mixed with iron. It is the most abundant iron-containing mineral on Earth, and is an important source of iron. Various cosmetics and paints are made using this stone, and it also appears in jewelry and carvings in many parts of the world.

The mineral's color ranges from almost black to silvery gray to blood red. It forms in series of crystalline plates which build on each other, and often leaves a red streak if it is drawn across a surface. One of the most famous forms is the lustrous silvery gray, which is frequently used for ornamental purposes. In general, hematite contains about 70% iron ore and 30% oxygen.

A number of different terms are used to describe hematite, depending on color and composition. Hematite rose forms in a shape which resembles a flower. Tiger iron is layered with other minerals, such as quartz. Kidney ore takes a lumpy form which does indeed vaguely resemble a kidney. Specularite is highly flaky, and oolitic hematite takes the form of small grains of reddish brown material.

The name comes from the reddish color which emerges when hematite is powdered, and the reddish tint which many forms of the mineral have. The color reminded some observers of blood, and the Greek root hema, for blood, was used to describe the stone. Some early cultures believed that the mineral formed from the blood of soldiers killed on the battlefield. For this reason, the “bloodlike stone” was revered.

Other minerals are sometimes mixed in with hematite, as is the case with ilmenite, which also includes titanium. Ilmenite is more strongly magnetic, and it produces a white pigment when ground up. Hematite is also often found in combination with deposits of other rock, like corundum, another oxide mineral with a primary component of aluminum, rather than iron.

In addition to being used as a source of pigments and pure iron, hematite is also used in jewelry. The silvery gray form is most popular for this purpose, as it can be polished to a pure sheen. Pure hematite is often used to make simple rings and bracelets, and the stone is also turned into beads or set into other pieces of jewelry. Some stone carvers also work with the mineral to produce ornamental carved pieces.

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral with a characteristic reddish-brown streak, though its crystals can appear steel or silver-gray. It's commonly found in rock formations and soil around the world, with significant deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region of the United States. Hematite is the most important ore of iron and has been used for pigments and as a polishing compound.

Hematite is identified by its metallic luster and high density. It has a Mohs hardness of around 5.5 to 6.5, making it relatively hard and suitable for various uses, including jewelry. Its red streak is the most distinguishing feature; when scratched across a streak plate, hematite will leave a reddish streak, unlike other similar minerals.

Hematite is primarily used for extracting iron, which is then utilized in the production of steel. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the iron ore from hematite is a key component in the construction, automotive, and heavy machinery industries. Additionally, hematite is used in art for red pigmentation and in jewelry as polished gemstones due to its attractive luster.

While hematite is not naturally magnetic in its pure form, it can contain magnetite, which is magnetic. When heated, hematite can also become magnetized. This property is exploited in certain industrial applications, such as heavy media separation and coal washing, where its density and magnetism help to separate impurities from mined materials.

Yes, hematite is often associated with metaphysical properties and is popular in alternative healing circles. It is believed to have grounding and protective qualities, promoting courage and strength. While these claims lack scientific backing, the allure of hematite in this context remains strong, with many people wearing hematite jewelry for its supposed energy-balancing benefits.

The mining of hematite, like other types of mining, can have significant environmental impacts. These include soil erosion, habitat destruction, and water pollution. However, the iron mining industry has made strides in reducing its environmental footprint through regulations and improved practices, such as reclamation projects that restore mined areas to their natural state after mining operations have ceased.