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What Are the Main Components of a Gorilla's Diet?

Debra Barnhart
Debra Barnhart

Depending on their habitat and what is available, gorillas mostly eat different types of vegetation. Gorillas use up a lot of energy foraging for food, but unlike other animals they do not strip their habitat of vegetation. Although gorillas have largely been documented as plant eaters, evidence indicates that the gorilla’s diet consists of some meat as well.

The average male gorilla weighs between 300 lbs (about 136 kg) and 400 lbs (about 182 kg) and consumes about 40 lbs (about 18 kg) of vegetation each day, although some experts say that the full-grown mountain gorilla can eat up to 60 lbs (about 27 kg) a day. Gorillas are accustomed to using their strength to tear apart trees and other vegetation, but they can also use their nimble hands to select the choice parts. Gorillas also eat a few insects, but usually by accident since the insects are attached to plants.

Gorillas mostly eat a variety of vegetation.
Gorillas mostly eat a variety of vegetation.

A gorilla’s diet may vary based on its species and habitat. For example, the western lowland gorilla’s diet largely consists of fruit, with some foliage and seeds. The mountain gorilla, on the other hand, eats mostly leaves, stems, roots and flowers. Rainy season bamboos shoots are a favorite delicacy of the mountain gorilla. Only two percent of the mountain gorilla’s diet is fruit, because there are not many varieties of fruit growing in its habitat; although blackberries in season are a favorite.

Baby gorillas rely solely on breast milk for the first several months of their life, but by six months old they are ready to begin foraging for vegetation. Foraging takes up a lot of energy, and though much of the vegetation consumed by gorillas is low in nutrients, they are able to make up for this lack by consuming large quantities. Overweight gorillas are pretty rare in the wild due to their high-fiber diet.

Whatever their habitat, gorillas are relatively gentle on the environment and do not strip their habitat of vegetation. They will move to a different area when food supplies start to get low. During months when less food is available, they eat less and sleep more.

Although gorillas are considered to be primarily vegetarian, some evidence indicates that they will consume meat when it is available. Knowledge about gorilla’s eating habits has relied in large part on studies conducted in areas where not much meat was available. Gorillas in captivity will eat some meat, and one study of western lowland gorillas found evidence of monkeys and antelopes in their feces.

Frequently Asked Questions

What do gorillas primarily eat in their natural habitat?

Gorillas are predominantly herbivores, feasting mainly on a variety of plant materials. Their diet consists largely of leaves, stems, and shoots, which provide the bulk of their nutritional intake. According to the World Wildlife Fund, a gorilla's diet can include up to 142 different plant species, demonstrating their diverse palate and reliance on vegetation.

Do gorillas eat any animal protein?

While gorillas are mostly herbivorous, they occasionally consume small amounts of animal protein. This can include insects like termites or ants. However, such protein sources constitute a very minor part of their diet, estimated to be less than 2% of their overall food intake, as noted by primate researchers.

How much food does a gorilla eat in a day?

An adult gorilla can consume up to 18-20 kg (40-44 lbs) of vegetation daily, according to the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund. This substantial amount is necessary to sustain their large body size and energy requirements, especially considering the relatively low caloric density of their plant-based diet.

Are there differences in diet between mountain and lowland gorillas?

Yes, there are dietary differences between mountain and lowland gorillas due to their habitats. Mountain gorillas have a diet richer in foliage, consuming more leaves, stems, and shoots, as they inhabit higher altitude forests with less fruit availability. In contrast, lowland gorillas have more access to fruit and therefore include a higher percentage of it in their diet.

How does a gorilla's diet in captivity compare to the wild?

In captivity, gorillas are provided with a diet that mimics their natural food sources as closely as possible. This includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, leaves, and high-fiber biscuits designed for primates. Zoos strive to maintain nutritional balance and often consult with veterinary nutritionists to ensure the health and well-being of these animals.

What role does foraging play in a gorilla's daily life?

Foraging is a central activity in a gorilla's daily routine, occupying a significant portion of their day. It is not only crucial for nutrition but also for social interaction and maintaining their physical health. Gorillas travel and forage in groups, which helps reinforce social bonds and allows the young to learn from adults about food sources and foraging techniques.

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    • Gorillas mostly eat a variety of vegetation.
      By: francesca333
      Gorillas mostly eat a variety of vegetation.