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How can I Tell if my Cat Has Lipidosis?

Shannon Kietzman
Shannon Kietzman

Feline lipidosis is a medical condition characterized by an accumulated amount of fat in a cat’s liver. As a result of the build-up, the liver is unable to properly function. When left untreated, the disorder can be fatal.

Feline lipidosis most often occurs as a result of poor nutrition and obesity. It can also result if the liver is injured through toxins or metabolism. Common diseases that sometimes result in feline lipidosis include heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, kidney disease, pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism, chronic upper respiratory disease, and feline lower urinary tract disease. Nonetheless, half of the cases of lipidosis have no known cause.

A cat with lipidosis.
A cat with lipidosis.

For cats who are at risk for lipidosis, such as those who are obese and advanced in age, stress can often trigger its development and symptoms. This stress can be the result of dietary changes, environmental changes, or bacterial infections. A cat with lipidosis typically demonstrates a lack of appetite and appears depressed.

If your cat has a decreased appetite for several days or weeks, it is generally best to consult with your veterinarian. This is particularly important if the cat has lost a significant amount of weight. Many felines also experience a loss in muscle mass, jaundice, and occasional vomiting. Some cats also develop a condition called encephalopathy as a result of the lipidosis. In this case, the cat may appear lethargic and severely depressed.

Vet giving a cat a physical exam.
Vet giving a cat a physical exam.

To diagnose lipidosis, a veterinarian must first perform a physical exam to feel whether the liver appears to be enlarged. To verify the enlarged liver, the veterinarian may also perform an x-ray and an ultrasound. The veterinarian will also perform a chemistry panel, which is a blood test, to determine if the cat's SAP, ALT, or AST enzymes are elevated. An elevation in any of these enzymes can indicate lipidosis. To make a final diagnosis of lipidosis, the veterinarian must conduct a biopsy.

If a cat is diagnosed with lipidosis, there are a variety of techniques to address the condition. Changing the cat’s diet to include foods that are high in protein and calories is necessary to help the cat regain its weight. The cat may also be placed on medication to stimulate its appetite or fed electrolytes to prevent dehydration. If the cat will not eat, a feeding tube may be necessary. In this case, the tube is inserted into the cat’s stomach.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is feline hepatic lipidosis?

Feline hepatic lipidosis, also known as fatty liver syndrome, is a serious liver condition where fat accumulates in the liver cells, leading to liver dysfunction. It often occurs when a cat stops eating for any reason, causing the body to rapidly mobilize fat stores, overwhelming the liver's capacity to process them.

What are the signs and symptoms of hepatic lipidosis in cats?

Signs of hepatic lipidosis in cats include sudden weight loss, lethargy, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), vomiting, drooling, and a decrease in appetite. As the condition progresses, neurological symptoms such as disorientation or seizures may occur, indicating a severe stage of the disease.

How is feline hepatic lipidosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis of feline hepatic lipidosis typically involves a combination of blood tests to assess liver function, imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate liver structure, and sometimes a liver biopsy. A thorough history and physical examination by a veterinarian are also crucial to rule out other causes of liver disease.

Can hepatic lipidosis in cats be treated?

Yes, hepatic lipidosis in cats can be treated, especially if caught early. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including aggressive nutritional support, often through a feeding tube to ensure adequate calorie intake. Additional therapies may address underlying causes or complications, such as fluid therapy, medications, and supplements to support liver function.

What is the prognosis for a cat with hepatic lipidosis?

The prognosis for a cat with hepatic lipidosis can be good if the condition is diagnosed early and treatment is initiated promptly. With aggressive nutritional support and management of underlying conditions, many cats can recover completely. However, delayed treatment can lead to severe complications and a poorer prognosis.

How can I prevent my cat from developing hepatic lipidosis?

Preventing hepatic lipidosis involves ensuring your cat maintains a healthy diet and weight. Avoid sudden changes in diet that may cause a cat to stop eating. Regular veterinary check-ups can help identify and manage conditions that might lead to decreased appetite, a common precursor to hepatic lipidosis. Stress reduction and environmental enrichment are also beneficial.

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    • A cat with lipidosis.
      By: Mark Ross
      A cat with lipidosis.
    • Vet giving a cat a physical exam.
      By: Byelikova Oksana
      Vet giving a cat a physical exam.