The Nobel Prize has been given since 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics and Peace, and American chemist Linus Pauling is the only person to have won two or more Nobel prizes that he did not share with others. Pauling was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. Polish chemist and physicist Marie Curie is the only woman to have two or more Nobel Prizes: in Physics in 1903, which she shared with her husband, Pierre Curie, and in Chemistry in 1911. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize three times, in 1917, 1944 and 1963.
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