Do Lizards Reproduce Parthenogenetically?

Some species of lizards can reproduce via "virgin births," in which females give birth with no male fertilization. This is called parthenogenesis, and lizards aren't the only ones who can do it — several arthropods, including aphids, water fleas and some bees and scorpions reproduce parthenogenetically. So do some reptiles and fish and, very rarely, birds.

More facts about parthenogenesis:

• Although there is no known case of mammals reproducing parthenogenetically in the wild, some mice, monkeys and rabbits have been induced into parthenogenesis. However, most of the offspring were abnormally formed.


• Scientists in the Omaha Zoo were shocked in 2007 when a female shark gave a "virgin birth." It was the first known instance of sharks reproducing parthenogenetically.


• One species of lizard reproduces entirely parthenogenetically — the New Mexico Whiptail, a species that consists entirely of females.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can lizards reproduce without mating?

Yes, some lizard species can reproduce without mating, a process known as parthenogenesis. This form of asexual reproduction allows female lizards to produce offspring without the genetic contribution of a male. Parthenogenetic species include the New Mexico whiptail lizard and the Komodo dragon, showcasing nature's adaptability in reptile reproduction.

How common is parthenogenesis in lizards?

Parthenogenesis in lizards is relatively rare but has been observed in several species. According to research, there are about 50 known species of parthenogenetic lizards, which is a small fraction of the over 6,000 total lizard species. This reproductive strategy is more common in certain genera, such as Cnemidophorus (whiptail lizards).

What are the advantages of parthenogenetic reproduction in lizards?

Parthenogenetic reproduction offers several advantages, particularly in environments where mates are scarce. It allows for rapid population growth and colonization of new habitats. Additionally, it can be beneficial when a stable environment does not require genetic diversity for survival, as offspring are typically clones of the mother.

Do parthenogenetic lizards ever engage in mating behaviors?

Interestingly, some parthenogenetic lizards do engage in mating behaviors, such as the New Mexico whiptail. These behaviors, despite not being necessary for reproduction, may stimulate ovulation and egg production. This phenomenon, known as pseudocopulation, suggests that certain social behaviors are deeply ingrained even in the absence of sexual reproduction.

Are the offspring of parthenogenetic lizards genetically identical to the mother?

Offspring of parthenogenetic lizards are generally clones of the mother, inheriting her genetic material. However, occasional genetic mutations can occur, leading to slight variations. This lack of genetic diversity can make parthenogenetic species more vulnerable to environmental changes and disease, as they lack the genetic variability typically provided by sexual reproduction.

Is parthenogenesis observed in other animals besides lizards?

Parthenogenesis is not exclusive to lizards; it occurs across various animal taxa. It has been documented in invertebrates like aphids and honeybees, as well as in some fish, amphibians, and birds. For instance, certain species of sharks and snakes have also been known to reproduce parthenogenetically, showcasing the wide evolutionary reach of this reproductive strategy.