Who are the Hmong People?

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The Hmong people are an ethnic group originating from the mountainous areas in the south of China. Their name comes from the dialect they speak. There are significant Hmong populations in Southeast Asia and the United States in addition to their Chinese homeland. The Hmong are severely persecuted today in Laos because of their anti-Communist role in the Vietnam War, and the American government's reluctance to help them met with much controversy beginning in the 1990s. Luckily, this led to the repatriation of many Laotian Hmong to the United States and other countries, but genocide against the Hmong continues in Laos to the present day.

The Hmong have lived in southern China for at least 2,000 years according to linguistic and genetic evidence. References to the Miao, the larger ethnic group to which they belong, can be found in Chinese literature dating from the first century CE. Miao is considered derogatory by many non-Chinese Hmong, though it is still in common use in China, as the syllable Hmong does not exist in standard Chinese. Controversy also exists over the use of Hmong itself, as one of the largest subgroups does not use voiceless nasals (the "hm" sound) and is therefore more properly called Mong. Some believe that the use of Hmong as a blanket term marginalizes the Mong, while others feel that the distinction is unnecessarily divisive.

In the 18th century, large numbers of Hmong migrated to Southeast Asia in response to the oppressive Qing Dynasty ruling in China. Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand still have some of the largest Hmong populations after China. During the Vietnam War, beginning in 1960, the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) recruited Laotian Hmong to defend against Communist forces. In 1975, US forces withdrew and Communists gained control over Laos. The Hmong were heavily persecuted, tortured, and killed, and many fled to the mountains of Laos or to Thailand.

The situation of the Hmong in Southeast Asia became a hot issue in the 1990s, when large numbers of Hmong were forcibly relocated from Thailand to Laos with the support of the United Nations and the Clinton Administration. The repatriated Hmong suffered renewed persecution, and many were relocated to safer countries, including the United States, as a result of the ensuing controversy. Today, many Hmong live in California, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania, as well as in France and French Guiana. Sadly, Hmong in Laos and Thailand continue to suffer persecution.

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25
It's horrible that to this day Hmong people living in Laos are being killed still. I am very lucky to be living in the United States. But to hear people are suffering over there is killing me. It saddens me. I am very proud that I am Hmong and proud of my culture. All this controversy, why isn't anyone doing or dealing with this? If someone is, why hasn't there been any change? This hurts me so much.
- anon63833
24
I'm Hmong and I'm proud of that. I just want tell the person who wrote the first comments above, you are not very educated about the truth about the Hmong people's situation about the Lao Government and the Hmong People after 1975.

I have the original documents with the Lao Government's original official stamp saying they planned to wipe out the Hmong people by 2020 and this is no joke. I have it in my hand.

It is so true no one will refute it after they read it. I'm telling you that we have so much evidence, such as videos, news, victims and actual borderless reporters who went into the jungle of Laos and found out themselves and made their own videos.

Also every nation on Earth knows and believes about it and you do not.Go and do thorough research yourself within the Hmong people not Lao, because they never tell you the truth.

- anon63006
23
Hmong people were not the only ones that suffered during the secret CIA war in Laos! Just because they are more vocal doesn't mean all of their claims are in fact true.

You have to wonder why other ethnic groups are more willing to start fresh, learn to move on (but not forget of course), and cooperate with one another, except for some misguided Hmongs.

There is no genocide in Laos? How do I know? Several years ago, after doing countless interviews with Hmong veterans, and obtaining closed legal information on the British reporter who documented Hmong Chao Fa rebels in the Jungles of Laos, there is proof that the Lao government is not practicing genocide on the Hmong ethnic group!

Despite the fact that Hmong overseas cannot agree with the current government in Laos at the moment, the government is still a Sovereign government and since some Hmong rebels hiding in the jungle randomly attack tourists and Lao citizens, the government has to do what they can to protect unarmed citizens of that country.

If Hmong people in Laos are facing a "genocide," it wouldn't take long for the rest of the world to really find out and foreign tourists would not be constantly pouring into the nation of Laos!

Go to Laos yourself and find out. Even in Northern Lao towns, such as Luang Phrabang (voted no. 1 by the New York Times two years in a row for best city to visit in the world), you will see for yourself that the Hmong and Lao are able to co-exist with one another just fine!

Fact is, Lao, Hmong, Mien, Khamu, Akha, etc., and all other ethnic groups have been able to co-exist with eachother for a long time now. If the current Lao people or the Lao government was that terrible like some misguided Hmongs claim, then why would the Lao government feature the Hmong ethnic on their currency along with other ethnic groups?

As for Lao people being depicted as bad people, many people in the world and tourists in the country have never encountered this problem. In fact, for many foreigners, they are extremely surprised how honest the Lao people are to them (sometimes chasing them down the street to give them back their right change money).

Many have even commented that unlike Vietnam or Thailand where many people take every opportunity that they can to take advantage of you, the people of Laos don't do that.

In conclusion, if you have been working on investigating the politics behind these claims from both sides as I have, you will know for yourself that these claims of "genocide" have no basis to back them up.

The war has been over for 30-plus years! Many of the Hmong who claim to be "political targets" or are simply spreading the nasty rumor of genocide are doing this simply because they want to go to America for economic gains, plain and simple. You tell me, isn't it suspicious to witness some of the Hmong refugees in Thailand claim to be Fighters for the CIA, when they themselves are just barely 20 years old now?

Don't believe me? Research some of these interviews conducted. You can find them posted all over the Internet if you make the effort to research.

Despite what many overseas Hmongs claim about "helping", it all boils down to past resentment and not genocide! Originally, the real back door deal with the CIA was that if the Hmong won, they would get a piece of Northern Laos to govern and form a Hmong state. Why did they truly believe this to be a real possibility? It's because Laos was the least populated country in all of Southeast Asia with just 4 million people at the time! While both Thailand and Vietnam had a population of over 60 million.

Also, after just barely 200 years of living in Laos after their migration from China, the Hmong ethnic was able to grow in size to become the second most dominant ethnic group in the landlocked nation, right behind the Lao ethnic group themselves (keep in mind the Lao ethnic have been in Southeast Asia since 698 AD).

For the Hmong to even outnumber original ancient natives, such as the Khamu, you can understand for yourself why the "incentive" to "really help" the CIA seemed like too good of an offer.

Even as of this moment, the Lao government is open to "dual citizenship" and have allowed former Lao roayl families to return, and former political refugees to return home (on the condition that they don't start any political coup or war)! Even one of the former Lao prince's homes in Luang Phrabang was shown on American TV after he moved back to Laos (Check out Anthony Bourdain's show on the Travel Channel that featured Laos).

Some overseas Hmongs (especially those who supported General Vang Pow who, by the way, attempted to commit a terrorist act by smuggling massive amounts of weapons to support the rebels further), need to learn the real truth and not randomly select facts that they only want to hear just because it serves their causes.

In fact, I feel very sorry for some of the misguided Hmongs who donated countless amount of money to Vang Pao, only to be lied to and shielded from all of the real facts!

Instead of helping the Hmongs you claim to fight for, you're only hurting them! Citizens of Laos have been through too much pain in the last 200 years; they don't need another war! They need to move forward with the rest of the world in peace and stability!

- RealFacts
20
I am also Hmong and knowing that many of our ancestors are still suffering makes my heart cry out for them. The new generation right now don't know much about who they are and where they're from.

I strongly would like them to do more research and try to understand that the background and nationality of us Hmong are really special. We have suffered for a long time and it's time we all put an end to this, but we need all the help that we can.

Many in the younger generation now, they don't care much about who they are or where they are from. But they should know that there's more than just the language or the clothing.

I hope that one day, the young generation well understand more about who they really are. We are full blood Hmong and not another race (Unless you're mixed). But we all should be proud of who we are.

- anon59146
19
I am also Hmong. My family felt Laos in 1976 in the middle of the night. We could only travel by night and in the day time we hid. I don't remember much; I was only four years old. However, my parents told me that I walked and was not carried all the way to Thailand.

It’s very sad I've lost a few family members that was ambush and killed or wounded by the Vietcong.

My family came to the United States in 78 and we flew on United Airline to Hawaii. My cousin was studying in Hawaii at UH and he was the one that sponsored us.

Please, any young Hmong who don't know about history, ask. I know I'm the seventh generation born in Laos that was from China. Now, I'm the first generation that grew up here and my children are the first generation born here.

Remember it doesn’t matter what nationality you married or are with -- just don't forget to teach your next generation your language or it will be forgotten.

Hmong people are strong and we never forget where our roots are. I know I’m from China and I’m Hmong.

- anon58029
18
I'm from the UAE and I'm doing research about the Hmong culture. Please can any Hmong help me?
- anon54444
17
i am hmong. and will always be hmong. But why do these damn bastards have to do this to us? Why are the hmong people suffering from these people?
- anon52093
16
many things happen but nothing is getting through. many of our people die every minute. People look at all the pictures and stories on this subject, Hmong people. Kids are getting poisoned, killed, and some are just waiting for their time to go. These people don't deserve to end up like this. Is there someone out there in the upper government position that can help what the American did in the war that ended in 1975 and left what they promised to do if they lost the war? Looks like everything is forgotten and everything is for themselves. This war is a punishment for the hmong do to what? Helping the Americans with a drug war? -- Nomwin
- anon47909
15
Many would wonder how come the hmong people suffer so much and the main question is what did the hmong people do to the chinese in particular that cause them to make the hmong suffer? well as a hmong you have to understand that asian people are overly obsessive of fame and ruling. it is the greed of ownership and selfishness that cause the hmong to be in vain.
- anon43113
14
It's so sad that Hmong people are still being abused by the Laos and Thai government. What I want to know is what did the Hmong people do to the Chinese, Laotian and Thai people that they hate us so much? God has already given the Hmong a chance to be educated and to be free so we can fight for those who can't fight and defend themselves. Young Hmong people stay in school and study hard. The more educated Hmong people are, the more we can learn to work together, getting along and educate other ethnicities about the Hmong. So they don't have to look down upon us. It is not about being better than other ethnicities, but being true and good human beings of accepting and forgiving those who hurt the Hmong due to ignorance and fear.
- anon41449
13
I am one of the original Hmong whose father have helped the CIA to stop the Ho Chi Min Trail from 1965 to 1975. My family suffered so and almost got persecuted by the communist pathet laos. Good thing my father escaped and went to Thailand and came to United States safe. otherwise I wouldn't be here today. I think the Laos government should stop presecuting the Hmong because God will curse those presecuted the hmong. God loves the Hmong. Someday he will bless the Hmong and they will be free as the world...
- anon37355
12
I was a soldier during Viet Nam, and after the war, 73-74. I saw many Hmong as soldiers. I took care of wounded Hmong. I put many in body bags. I was a sad soldier after the war.

I saw many Hmong, just today at our Farmer's Market in "Bentonville, Arkansas." I talked with them. Many of the men were soldiers then. My blood mixed with theirs many years ago. They continue to be my people.........HN Rogers, AR

- anon37293
11
=) I am not Hmong, but I am Cambodian and I enjoy studying all types of history. Indeed, I strongly feel that persecution and cruelty should end and instead, the teaching of love and an open mind should be inculcated into everyone's mind. I wish my power of persuasion work in an instant, it's unfortunate.
- anon35667
9
I think the Hmong people arrived in America, Guiana, and France by plane. For more information on the Hmong people you can check out this book: (it's in French) "Quitter son pays" by Mari-Christine Helgerson. It describes a fictional family's travel including obstacles. I'm sure you could find it in English. We're reading it for school now. It's so sad and I just found out that the abuse is still going on. Can't believe it! I wish it would stop! Why are people so cruel?!
- anon30400
8
i am hmong myself too, and i feel that our race of hmong people is looked at no differently on how we ought to do something for the others that are left over in Thailand and laos. it saddens me a lot when i do projects of the hmong and do research and find more than i expected of the hmong. i love hmong people. they mean a lot to me. :]
- anon28923
7
Well, I think that everyone including the Hmong People should do something to help these people back in Laos and Thailand because as every minute goes by there are more and more Hmong People that are getting killed by either the Thai or Laos government.

I hope that one day My Hmong People Would have our own country like the rest of the people in the world.

- anon28077
5
im making a project about hmongs. i think its terrible what happened to them.
- anon23262
4
I'am Hmong and I'm 10 years old. I am doing a research about hmong for school and came upon this history of my people. I was sad reading this because many of the Hmong are still in Laos and Thailand getting killed, tortured, and poisoned. I went to the Hmong New Year at Cal Expo (November) and saw many things I didn't expect to see. Innocent kids get torture and kill like animals. I wish that I can do something to help. All I wish for is that everyone will love each other and not killing one another. I really want the president to make a speech about loving and no more killing and or war.
- anon22693
2
i think more websites should state how the hmong people got to the US. You hear about Europeans getting here through Ellis island and what not. did the hmong just get here by plane? the hmong people are quite a mystery. I'm hmong and i ask my parents but they don't remember. if they can't pass on any information to us then our history ends when they die.
- anon12766
1
I'm hmong myself, and it's devastating to hear that our people, the hmong, are still having to suffer to this very day. Over 18 years and it's still going on, after I left Laos, when I was little. *sighs. Can't believe this.
- anon1681

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Written by Niki Foster
Last Modified: 03 February 2010

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