The beat generation was one of the largest cultural movements of the twentieth century. What started off as a literary phenomenon soon progressed to a life-changing attitude for thousands of people around the world. It embraced originality and individuality in the way people thought and acted. The beat generation threw out the old rules of literature, music, sex and religion, and its effects are still felt in the world today.

Most people regard the writer Jack Kerouac as the king of the beats. It was Kerouac who coined the phrase beat, by proclaiming that his was a beat generation. By this he meant downbeat, but also beatific and beautiful. Kerouac and poet Alan Ginsberg, along with the writer William Burroughs, formed the nucleus of the beat generation - a group of people who broke the mold and changed writing forever.

Kerouac and his group scoured Times Square in New York, looking for new experiences. They sought out drugs, girls, booze, crazy people and crazy situations. Kerouac was the author of the bible of the beat generation, On the Road, published in 1957, the tale of two free spirits seeking adventure while riding across, and questioning, the heart of America. It was his spontaneous prose that turned the book into a breathless roller coaster ride that still inspires people today.

The ethos of the beat generation had influence across all of the arts. It seemed as if, at the time, the young were breaking free of the old constraints. Marlon Brando and James Dean were ripping through film screens. Jazz musicians such as Charlie Parker and Dizzie Gillespie were playing their music without barriers. Lenny Bruce was questioning racism and sexuality through his comedy routines. Artists such as Jackson Pollock were exploding onto the canvas and ripping apart the Old Masters.

The beat generation was really a response to the Second World War that had just ended. Questions arose about the old way of life and social rules that people were supposed to adhere to. A lot of the questions that the beats asked were greeted with court trials and the attempted banning of their material. Ginsberg’s and Burrough’s literature was subject to bans. One of Ginsberg’s most famous poems, Howl, still cannot be played on daytime American radio.

The beat generation was not questioning society, authority and its rules just for the sake of it. As Dylan sang, the times they are a changing. People were crying out for something new at the time. There was a new sense of freedom after the war, and the beat generation led the way in exploring it.

By the late 1960s, the beat generation had all but imploded. Stick-on beatnik beards were being sold in shops, and the hippies had arrived to take on the mantle of the beats. Kerouac died in 1969 after disassociating himself from the beats. Ginsberg, Burroughs, Neil Cassady, Gregory Corso and many other writers and leading lights, male and female, from the era are gone.

The legacy that the beat generation gave to the world is not just found in books. On the Road is still one of the most popular books of all time, but it is the free thinking, always questioning credo that the beats will be remembered for. If one person is still questioning an unfair rule or daring to create an original thought, that is where the spirit of the beat generation lives on.