The Principality of Monaco is located near Italy, along the Mediterranean Sea. It is positioned within about 11 miles (17.7 kilometers) of Nice. Three sides of it are bordered by France. It spans just 485 acres and is nearly the smallest independent state in the world. It is second in this regard only to Vatican City.

Monaco is characterized as a narrow strip of land, and its highest point comes in at about 460 feet (142 meters). It is known for having a long beach, as well as steep cliffs. Its coastline is a mere 2.5 miles (4.02 kilometers) long. Often, those new to Monaco become confused by talk of the state versus the city of Monaco. However, the two are actually the same, as Monaco has just one municipality.

In the past, Monaco had three municipalities. First, there was Monaco, which extended into the Mediterranean Sea and was often called the Rock of Monaco. Next, there was Monte Carlo, which was the primary location for residential homes and tourist areas. Finally, La Condamine was located in the Northwest and was home to the port area. In 1917, the municipalities were merged into one. However, each municipality became a ward.

Besides the initial three wards, Monaco gave rise to seven additional wards over time. They are Fontvieille, Moneghetti, Larvotto, La Rousse/Saint Roman, Saint Michel, La Colle and Les Révoires. Eventually, new wards may be added. Monaco's government is a constitutional monarchy and has been since 1911. The Sovereign Prince of Monaco enjoys the status of head of state.

The economy of Monaco is primarily governed by tourism. People travel from around the world to visit its casino. They also visit the independent state to enjoy its climate, as it boasts an average of 300 days of sunshine each year. Its climate is fairly mild, with average winter temperatures ranging between 48 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit (8.8 to 10 degrees Celsius). The summers tend to hover in the 80s, with periods of very high temperatures in July and August.

In winter, the days tend to be filled with sun while the nights are cooler. The same holds true in the summer, when sea breezes lend a hand to cooling down summer’s heat. Many tourists choose to visit in the fall, which is considered one of the independent state's most attractive times. Temperatures average in the 60s and 70s in the fall, and people can still be found on the beaches even in October.