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What Should I Know About Bahrain?

Rebecca Partington
Rebecca Partington

The Kingdom of Bahrain is an island country located on a flat, arid archipelago of thirty-three islands in the Persian Gulf. It is the smallest Arab state, at a total land area of 413 square miles (665 sq km). In 2007, the population was estimated to be 708,573. The islands consist mostly of desert plains at sea level, rising gently to 400 feet (122 m) at Jabal ad Dukhan, the country's highest point. As the country is near the equator, Bahrainis experience hot, humid summers and quite mild winter weather. The official religion is Islam, and while the majority of residents practice it, there some who do follow other religions, such as Christianity and various Asian religions. In fact, Bahrain is known for its religious tolerance.

Manama is the capital city, and is also the most populous city in the country, with approximately 155,000 residents as of 2007. The official language is Arabic, although English, Urdu, and Farsi are spoken by some residents. Bahrain's government is a constitutional monarchy headed by a king or queen, and government control lies with the prime minister, who is advised by a cabinet of twenty-three members. In addition, the government includes a legislature with two houses. Both of the legislative houses have forty members.

Farsi may be spoken by some residents of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Farsi may be spoken by some residents of the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Bahrain has been inhabited for a very long time. Due to its strategic location, it was variously occupied by the Assyrians, Greeks, Persians, Babylonians, and Arabs. After such ancient times, the Nestorian Christians controlled Bahrain until Islam arrived in 629 CE. In 899 CE, the Qarmatians, a sect of Islam, took control. The Portuguese arrived in 1521, and from then until 1743, control went back and forth between the Portuguese and the Iranians. In the late 1700s, Qatar took over and signed a treaty with the UK that made Bahrain a British protectorate. Oil was discovered in 1932, bringing modernization to Bahrain. After WWII, there were widespread riots due to anti-British sentiment. Iran temporarily claimed Bahrain in 1970, but gave up those claims in other to obtain other lands, so the Bahrainis declared independence and the British withdrew in 1971.

Iran temporarily claimed Bahrain in 1970, but gave up those claims in other to obtain other lands.
Iran temporarily claimed Bahrain in 1970, but gave up those claims in other to obtain other lands.

Pearl diving was the main industry until the early twentieth century, when cultured pearls were invented and oil was discovered in the area. Due to the oil industry, the economy experienced rapid growth in the early 2000s. The Bahraini economy is also supported by commercial fishing, Bahrain's status as an international banking center, and its popularity as a tourist destination as well.

Discussion Comments

candyquilt

My boyfriend worked for a short time in Bahrain last year and I went to visit him. I was warned by my friends before I left because unmarried couples are not allowed to stay together in Bahrain. I think it is the same in many Islamic countries.

Thankfully, we didn't have any problems at the hotel we stayed in. I guess they are a bit more lenient with foreigners. Everything was great and we were treated with great hospitality.

I don't know if it's the same case for people who rent a place together, but I think most hotels will be understanding about it.

ysmina

I'm really interested in economy and I think that along with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain is one of the other places in the region that investors have been interested in. I just saw a report that shows an over 7% growth rate in Bahrain's GDP. That's really an excellent number and I think it's going to attract even more foreign investment in the near future.

As the Emirates have been doing, Bahrain is probably going to expand into other areas to grow it's economy. Right now, it's just depending on oil and economist say that is not very good. Aside from foreign investment, they are recommending Bahrain to privatize more and to create a diversity of sectors in the economy. I'm going to keep following Bahrain's economy to see how it's going to do in the next couple of years.

turquoise

In Bahrain, the rule is passed down from the Sheikh to his oldest son. But the Sheikh can select another son to be Sheikh after him if he wishes to.

I find the government in Bahrain interesting because it is a combination of both Western and Eastern governance. It's a democracy and the people participate in political and social life. Freedom of speech is also guaranteed. Since it is an Islamic country, the justice system is run according to shari'a.

Bahrain is like the coming together of a Western system and Islamic system. I have read articles in the past that say Islam and democracy cannot work together. Bahrain might be a good example to argue against that claim.

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    • Farsi may be spoken by some residents of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
      By: Hussein Alazaat
      Farsi may be spoken by some residents of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
    • Iran temporarily claimed Bahrain in 1970, but gave up those claims in other to obtain other lands.
      By: juan35mm
      Iran temporarily claimed Bahrain in 1970, but gave up those claims in other to obtain other lands.
    • Islam is the official religion of Bahrain.
      By: Eray
      Islam is the official religion of Bahrain.