Despite its rather alien-sounding name, xanthan gum is as natural as any other fermented corn sugar polysaccharide you can name. Corn syrup, anyone?
Seriously, xanthan gum derives its name from the strain of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris. Xanthomonas campestris is the same bacteria responsible for causing black rot to form on broccoli, cauliflower and other leafy vegetables. The bacteria form a slimy substance which acts as a natural stabilizer or thickener. The United States Department of Agriculture ran a number of experiments involving bacteria and various sugars to develop a new thickening agent similar to corn starch or guar gum. When Xanthomonas campestris was combined with corn sugar, the result was a colorless slime called xanthan gum.
Xanthan gum is considered a polysaccharide in scientific circles, because it is a long chain of three different forms of sugar. What's important to know is that all three of these natural sugars are present in corn sugar, a derivative of the more familiar corn syrup. The Xanthomonas campestris bacteria literally eat a supply of this corn sugar under controlled conditions, and the digestion process converts the individual sugars into a single substance with properties similar to cornstarch. Xanthan gum is used in dairy products and salad dressings as a thickening agent and stabilizer. Xanthan gum prevents ice crystals from forming in ice creams, and also provides a 'fat feel' in low or no-fat dairy products.
Another use for xanthan gum is the stabilization and binding of cosmetic products. One advantage of xanthan gum is that a little goes an incredibly long way. Cosmetic manufacturers add a very small amount of xanthan gum to their cream-based products in order to keep the individual ingredients from separating. Despite the use of bacteria during processing, xanthan gum itself is not generally harmful to human skin or digestive systems, though some individuals may find they are allergic to it. Xanthan gum is often used whenever a gel-like quality is sought.
Xanthan gum is also used as a substitute for wheat gluten in gluten-free breads, pastas and other flour-based food products. Those who suffer from gluten allergies should look for xanthan gum as an ingredient on the label.
One lesser-known use of xanthan gum is in the oil industry. Oil companies often use water as a lubricant for oil well pumps, but regular water is not very thick. A natural thickener such as guar gum or xanthan gum can be added to the water in order to increase its viscosity, or thickness. You could think of this as turning tap water into 10W-40 motor oil. The thickened water keeps the drill parts lubricated and displaces more of the natural oil found in the deposit area.
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Anon15260 I have the *exact* same problem - although I was diagnosed a little over 20 years ago. When I consume a gum, I break out in hives that last for 6 months.
- svanwing
Xantham gum is typically derived from corn, so it is possible to be allergic to it. But, since "gums" are all from different families, it's not likely that people are allergic to gum in general. Instead, if you have issues with xantham gum, you likely have a corn allergy or intolerance. Guar gum, acacia/arabic gum, locust bean gum, Tragancanth Gum and Talca Gum are all part of the same family as soy, so if you have an issue with soy, it is likely you will have a problem with these gums as well. Safe alternatives would be karaya gum, agar agar and carrageenan.
- anon30729
Not true..if it were "as natural", they'd not have had to have performed such brutal animal experimentation for toxicity in 1968. Injection of XG into rabbit eyes, force fed into cats and dogs?? Anyone? Not so natural!
- anon28700
I was told i have allergy to gum 5 years ago. Then i had an ALCAT test for food intolerances and I found a mild intolerance to it too. Last year I had a test for allergies. It was negative. I think probiotic intake helped me bc i was taking Lacto and Bifido bacteries for 1 year due to disbyosis. It is bacteria that can cause reaction and especially hives as I had with candida infection. Recently, i was told i have antigens to gluten and tried gluten free food with XG. I had skin rushes all the time. It seems my allergy is back. I have a hard time with a gluten free diet now bc I have a craving for food and sweets due to adrenal fatigue and low progesterone.
- Lazzat
This thread is great- I've cut out gluten after simplifying my diet and have found chronic shoulder pain, neck pain, and migraines have virtually vanished, as well as the notorious brain fog (I say virtually because I am still back sliding, like the fudge of unknown ingredients I ate last night, this morning, a little foggy!). Celiac.com has great gluten free recipes, and many call for xanthan gum, but I just omit it. My baked foods are more dense, but I like it. As of this thread I'm going to try a little psyllium husk, fine ground. I used as a thickener for a raw blueberry pie and it gelled right up like jello or pudding (depending on how much you use), it was delicious. I don't know what it does with baking... I wondered about xanthan gum, and I'm sure it's ok for some, but I'm sticking to bacteria fermented foods that have benefits, like kombucha, real sour cream and cottage cheese, and yogurt, in small amounts. A number of bacteria produce byproducts toxic for many, mildly or severely, sounds like the xanthan gum bacteria used could fall in this category. A factoid I picked up in trying to heal my body was that without breastfeeding as an infant, or because of insufficient nutrients in breast milk, many never develop a healthy gut with essential friendly flora. I've felt for years I wasn't absorbing nutrients properly, and was never breastfed. When I consume foods daily that contain friendly flora, I digest better, no diarrhea, gas, etc. Just fyi, thanks for this site and all the comments! Remember: balance, breathe, listen to your own body.
- anon23453
Can I understand by the links on this article that xanthan & guar gum contain no SUCROSE or MALT, but made up of dextrose & glucose?
- topsy
I have 2 kids that are on the autism spectrum so I've been trying to gather everything I need to start on the Gluten-Cassein Free diet to see if their "condition" is related to an allergy. Every recipe nearly calls for this stuff and now I'm freaked out to use it- just what I need in my life; more things to worry about. I would love an alternative that isn't going to coast me a fortune as everything else for this diet has. Please help!
- helpme555
what if i didn't use XG in a recipe i'm planning on making? what would happen. Is there a substitution for it? i want to make these scones, but i don't have XG and it only calls for 1 tsp.
- anon21227
Many of us with migraines, diarrhea, etc. have trouble with anything aged or fermented. Xanthan gum is produced through fermentation. It produces a slime similar to that found on old vegetables. Many of us cannot tolerate anything aged, moldy or fermented. No wonder we feel sick. Fermented products contain "amines" such as histamine. It took me more than 20 years of not feeling well to figure this all out. And yes, eating organic, unprocessed foods really made a huge difference in my life. Do research on causes of migraine headaches to find out more about this.
- anon21201
Just to be clear, I have no gastrointestinal symptoms from xanthan gum or any other vegetable gum. I go into analphylactic shock. It is the only substance that has that effect on me. Elminating it from my diet and from all personal care items (to reduce exposure on the advice of my allergist) is tedious and increasingly difficult (my favorite toothpaste just added it). However, eliminating it from my diet has kept me out of ambulances and emergency rooms so I'll continue to avoid it like the plague.
- Priscilla
First, the number of people allergic to xanthan gum is quite miniscule. Just because a few people are allergic to something does not mean it is an evil, harmful substance. Would you advocate outlawing peanuts because so many people are allergic to them? Second, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, but its glucose is bonded with beta bonds, making it indigestible by humans. This is a roundabout way of me saying that it is *fiber*, the same as the ruffage in all the "organic" lettuce and celery you all seem to fawn over. The reason xanthan gum causes problems for people is because it is fiber. Since fiber is indigestible it passes into the intestines, where hungry bacteria who *are* able to digest fiber go nuts on the stuff and cause bowel irritation, gas, the runny poops, and hundreds of other problems classified under the "fictitious" (according to the people who have been advocating we eat so much fiber all these years) Leaky Gut Syndrome. Your problem is you have the wrong amount/ratio of bad, fiber munching bacteria in your guts from years of consuming too much fiber. It's not the Xanthan Gum! Xanthan Gum is the same stuff lettuce and celery is built out of, and your body treats it the same way! Eat more meat and saturated fat. You are all killing yourselves based on 50-year-old, falsified research. Read something current. And don't get me started on MSG.
- anon17122
Dear Priscilla, It is terrible that you have to suffer because of your allergy to Xanthan gum. I would like to suggest that you continue avoiding all processed food. Prepare your own food as much as
possible, use raw ingredients (meat, chicken, vegetables, fruits, rice, pasta). If you need to use processed food, try to avoid all what
indicates low fat, low calorie, frozen, because they have to use additives to make the product look good. Without these additives the products would not look or taste good. Therefore they would not be in the market. (It would be impossible to manufacture these products (good tasting and looking) without the additives). Standard natural cheese, ketchup, mayonnaise, margarine, butter, yogurt, cookies should be OK. I hope this is useful. Good luck
- anon16465
For those who want to cook gluten-free, I suggest trying ground chia seeds (has properties a bit like flax seeds, but better, in my opinion) or arrowroot powder. These will give consistence and btw chia is ultra-nutritious and isn't processed at all!
- anon16457
Editor's reply: check out our article, what are chia seeds?, for more information on chia seeds.
I'm intolerant to Gum, or possibly allergic. My GP doesn't really care about what is wrong with me so won't get me tested! If I eat something with Gum, worst case scenario is that I black out, otherwise I just feel very sick. If it is in toiletries/makeup (a lot of makeup doesn't list ingredients which doesn't help!) then my skin burns. It's even in toothpaste! I've only found 1 toothpaste which doesn't contain Gum. When I cut out Gum completely, I dropped 2 dress sizes within a month - bit odd!
However, I find that even chewing gum and bubble gum affects me. If I put it in my mouth, I feel ill, then if I chew it, I actually am sick! Even the smell of it from someone across the room makes me ill. Does anyone else find this??
- anon16264
I am so happy to discover this website and relieved to learn that I am not alone in my allergy to gums! XG and other gums (locust, guar) are intestinal irritants causing gas, abdominal cramping and diarrhea, in addition to the myriad of other symptoms listed here.
It doesn't matter if these additives are "natural" or not. They are added to an ever increasing number of foods, making it difficult to avoid getting sick on a daily basis.
How can we as consumers pressure the industry to listen to us and cease adulterating our food?!
- anon16194
the gum paste recipe calls for tylose or tragancanth..can I use Xanthan gum instead?
I'm confused...thanks
- anon15981
Hello. Does somebody know what is the carbon content of Xanthan? Is there an exact molecular structure of this compound. If you have please send it...i badly need it now for my laboratory experiment. Thanks.
- lhorz23
I am definitely allergic to xanthan gum...as well as other gums. I was diagnosed about 10 years ago after having enormous hives that could not be controlled. It is frustrating trying to shop for food, because it is natural. I'm not sure how, but I finally got to an allergist who diagnosed it very quickly. I usually wake in the night with the hives and have to be treated very aggressively short term and then continue treatment for 6 months.
- anon15260
Xanthan gum almost killed me---over a period of time, the random consumption of it in all kinds of foods, caused me to become completely intolerant of it, and I eventually went into anaphylactic shock.
No doctors were able to figure it out, so I began to do elimination tests until I was able to identify it. BE VERY CAREFUL!!!!!
- anon15241
I'm curious to know how far down on the list of ingredients makes it unhealthy. I have just started using a butter substitute and it is the 5th ingredient. I am hoping it is better than using margarine or butter as my cholesterol is high and I am trying to knock out the saturated fats.
- anon13215
What general products use the gum? Syrup or bread?
- anon13035
Is Xantham gum related to soy in any way? Or yeast? I have allergies to both.
- anon12725
hi echurchwell--Your work exposes you to XG powder/dust, right?--Well, I make milkshakes as part of my diet,--and they are more satisfying if thickened with XG. I noticed today, that if any of the airborne dust got on my hands or the counter, it instantly turned into a mucus-like sticky slime. Kind of gross, but I'm not easily deterred so I thought--if it does the job, who cares? THEN I thought,--what if I breathe this stuff??? Mental picture of bronchial tubes and lungs coated... So I went and got one of my disposable medical masks that I use for everything -ie. dusting, vacuuming sanding etc. etc.-- I feel safer and will probably continue to use XG.-with mask for the second or two it takes to dump a 1/4 teaspoon in the blender.
After that--I got curious as to what it really is, and went to this site. I think the slime would make an excellent petri dish in our airways and we should be ultra careful! Barring allergies, eating it is probably OK--and working as you and others do--you need protection. How about just putting one of those blue disposables in your back pocket and putting it on when the XG comes down the line?--If other workers think that is not macho, tell them "the doctor said so". Whatever. But just protect yourself! Good Luck. Shereal
- anon12275
Little off topic, but there is a fantasy book series called Xanth. And its worth looking into.
- Marknelson
For me anything that is not natural is suspicious... My daughter had a really bad allergy reaction last week and one of the 2 items she showed that she's allergic to is Xantham Gum. I'm reading now about all these colors & additives and it's getting really scary!!!!
- anon10114
some one asked about Xanthan could substitute for alcohol use. I would say no, as alcohol is an antibacterial agent while Xanthan isn't
- anon9453
my grandson is allergic to eggs and my daughter has read somewhere that xanthan gum and guar gum have egg white in them is this true?and can you suggest an egg replacement that actually works? thanks irene
- anon9394
Can Guar Gum be used interchangeably with Xantham Gum? (ie: in baking recipe). elsi
- elsi
I have recently been diagnosed with salicylate allergy - main ingredient in aspirin (had an anaphylactic reaction). Since then the dr. put me on a low salicylate diet of which corn and xantham gum are listed as high in salicylate. Many of the foods we eat and topical consumer products we use have salicylate in them. Those few that are that sensitive to salicylate it is amazing what one finds on the exclusion list to eat or use. Just food for thought for those of you allergic to xantham gum.
- anon7335
I'm sorry to hear of you getting the flu from this stuff. I would say that according to all of the above replies that if you keep continuing to package xanthum gum, you will get long term affects and that when your symptoms/diseases get worse they will take a lot longer to cure (if you stop packaging it in the future). It depends on how persistent and committed you are at the time of curing your maladies. As to the short term effect, if you stop now, then I don't know how much you breathed in and how much of it is in your cells, so I don't know if you'll get long term effects from it.
If I were you I would stop As Soon As You Can, so you don't keep getting the flu and wearing your immune system down more and more. In this day and age, we need our immune sys. to be stronger than ever! I would also do the lemon cleanse as soon as possible. Lemon juice with cayenne pepper (please only use a Very tiny amount) and maple syrup/molasses. Then you'll get the nutrients you need to build yourself up again! Maybe do a one day cleanse then 2 days or one day a week or whatever your body wants you to do and feel like doing at that particular time.
- anon6214
I work at a chemical company and we take Xanthum Gum in bulk form and re-pack it into smaller bags. The past 3 times we have done this over a 2 month period, I have gotten ill with flu like symptoms for about 24 hrs. After 24hrs I well again. Does anyone know if this can have a long term negative health affect? Also, will it cause any more short term issues, even if I stop doing that part of my job? Thanks.
Chem-ILL
- echurchwell
Well, it's definitely a curious thing cause I don't have a problem with MSG or corn, although XG is a big no no in my current diet.
- kirin
Well I think the real issue here may be the fact that XG comes from corn. I have an intolerence for corn and it is in everything. I have found that XG makes me itch after eating it.
- anon5212
MSG is in a ton of salad dressings and BBQ sauces. I am very allergic to MSG and it is in so many types of food, not just Chinese food. Chips, sauces, caviar, soups, seasoning mixes- TONS of things. If it makes you sick, you must be diligent about reading packages.
-Lauren
- anon4279
My goodness, Anonymous! (Is that your real name? :-) ) I'm CERTAINLY not advocating XG or any other additive. I simply stated that some people use it on purpose. I do not think it is good to consume, nor did I indicate that I did. I would eliminate it entirely, if I could, since I would love to partake in a pot-luck dinner without having to give everyone the 3rd degree about ingredients and have lunch in my company cafeteria without fearing a trip to the ER. Thanks for correcting my (admittedly layman's) science and adding quite a bit of excellent information to the discussion(although I'm not at all sure why you've taken such a hostile tone). Rock on!
- Priscilla
Sorry Priscilla XG is a polysaccharide which is essentially a form of carbohydrate, e.g. essentially a chain of sugars bonded together. So yes, one is brushing their teeth with a carbo when it is in ones toothpaste.
People suffering with IBD (a wide spectrum class of medical disorders whose causes are not known or fully understood) type problems, can suffer from serious gastrointestial distress.
If they move to a gluten free diet that has XG in it, the XG can become a factor causing irritation or allergy. The unknowing person may continue on the modified diet without gluten or on specific carbohydrates (see SCD in book by Elaine Gottschall) which is nearly impossible for people functioning in society to strictly maintain. Reactions or irritation they may have from the XG element in the gluten-free "foods" they eat may be the cause of the distress they attribute to the lapses or to gluten. Indeed both (gluten and XG) may contribute to an ongoing problem.
Before one consumes XG one should know that the particular Proteobacteria species is a plant pathogen. Is this what you consider a good foodstuff to consume? Proteobacteria are a major group (Phylum) of bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia [E-coli], Salmonella, Vibrio, and Helicobacter. Is this what you want to be eating? [See the movie Soy-Lent Green, starring Charleton Heston which came out shortly after XG became widely used].
If so, good for you. But one should be aware of what makes up what one eats and be able to choose. For many it is not of consequence, for those with problems it is a major concern, especially when one winds up going from the proverbial frying pan into the fire.
- anon3481
No. Xanthan gum is a vegetable gum, manufactured from -- essentially -- a fermentation of corn. It is used as a stabilizer / thickener / emulsifier in a wide variety of commercial food products and personal care products. It keeps ingredients from separating, prevents ice crystals from forming in ice cream, and gives low-fat foods a better "mouth feel."
It is considered a "natural" product, even though it does not occur naturally (baking soda is also considered a natural product; it does not occur naturally either, but there are political and economic reasons that went into those decisions). Many people who suffer from gluten intolerance use xanthan gum as a thickener when they cook (it is sold in powder form in health food stores) since they can't tolerate thickeners made from wheat.
Many people believe that "true" allergies are caused only by foods that have a protein molecule (xanthan gum is technically a carbohydrate). My numerous trips to the ER with anaphylactic shock (prior to my isolating xanthan gum as the cause) contradicts that theory and my allergist agrees with me.
Hope that helps.
- Priscilla
So xanthan gum is essentially sugar? If so, have I been brushing my teeth with sugar, since I know xanthan gum is one of the ingredients in my toothpaste?
- anon3263
Anonymous,
Well, I think it would depend on your chemistry. Such as, some people are allergic to eating seafood, other's are not. Priscilla has an actually allergic reaction to Xanthan gum, where as I only have an intolerance to it. However, in reading what Priscilla says and what is stated in Wikipedia, it sounds like the chemical either builds up in some people's bodies, or it wears down some type of protective enzyme against it so that some people will become more susceptible to it's effects. In other words you might be fine now, but in a few years you might have problems (then again you may not have any problems ever). My guess would be that Xanthan gum was just what someone was hoping to create and it looked pretty good in it's initial trials; FDA looks at it and "approved for use in foods after extensive animal testing for toxicity in 1969". So, yipee it ain't going to kill you tomorrow, but who's to say that it won't have other adverse health effects later. My suggestion, is if you notice that you are having bowel problems (especially after a meal), watch what you are eating and talk to your doctor. Personally my doctor thinks it's MSG that is causing the problem, but I have the same problem with salad dressings, barbecue sauce, and ice cream (so, it ain't just the chinese food. lol). Also realize that it's a chemical used in practically everything from concrete, to cosmetics, to bread products, to sauces, and ice cream (which really irritates me cause I love ice cream. lol). I think the FDA needs to go back and do some more research into it. Nutrasweet and it's ilks could also be considered a "natural" product (why not, everything is natural cause everything is made of elements and all elements exist in nature), but then again, Nutrasweet was a failed experiment to create a new type of plastic.
- kirin
so, I'm confused. is xanthan gum bad for _everyone_ or just for the people who are allergic to it?
- anon3200
To clarify...my reactions to xanthan gum are not intestinal, but ARE classic, anaphylactic symptoms.
- Priscilla
Kirin,
My allergic reactions to xanthan gum started out about 10 years ago in a similar fashion -- not being evident until about 45 - 60 minutes after I ate something that contained it. And, my symptoms were fairly mild. As is common with allergies, I now have almost immediate reactions and they are severe (although not intestinal, classic anaphylactic symptoms. So, be very careful!
- Priscilla
"xanthan gum itself is not harmful to human skin or digestive systems." I don't know what the hell they are talking about; I think Wikipedia has better information: "Some people are allergic to xanthan gum, with symptoms of intestinal gripes and diarrhea. Workers exposed to xanthan gum dust exhibit nose and throat irritation as well as work-related illness, with symptoms becoming more prevalent with increasing exposure." I recently figured out that I have a food intollerance to this "natural" food product and have these exact symptoms anywhere from 30 mins to an hour after eating somthing with this substance. Also consider the fact that this "wonder" product didn't start to be in use until 1969.
- kirin
Sarah, I have been to the emergency room numerous times because of xanthan gum in food products. My allergist has instructed me to stay away from it in skin-care products to eliminate my exposure to it in any form, even though I've not had an allergic response to topical use. My allergic response is such that I've needed 4 epi-pen injections in the time between calling the ambulance and arriving at the ER. So, I'd say YES, it is possible that you are allergic. (Many people are allergic to natural items. Natural means nothing when it comes to allergies.)
- Priscilla
I've been having allergic reactions to some skin products and the only ingredient that they all have that is the same is xanthan gum. I know that the reason that companies use xanthan gum is so that the product doesn't irritate skin but is it possible that I am allergic?
- Sarah
Will Xanthan replace alchol as a preservative in herbal extracts?
- Red
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