The human heart typically beats about one time every second – and oftentimes, even more frequently. In most adults, it weighs approximately 1 pound (.45 kg), but it pumps over 5 quarts (4.7 l) of blood through the body every minute. Every portion of the human heart serves an important function, from any of the ventricles to the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary vein is unique in that it is the only type of vein that carries blood that is rich in oxygen from the lungs to the heart.

In order to fully understand the function of the four pulmonary veins, it is important to consider the components of the heart and the way the blood flows through the pulmonary circulation system. The heart can be categorized as a muscular pump that has four chambers connected by valves. Blood flows into the right atrium into the right ventricle of the heart. The right ventricle then pumps oxygen-depleted blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs. After the blood flows through the lungs, it returns to the left side of the heart, oxygenated, through the pulmonary veins – there are two pulmonary veins for each lung.

Various disorders can occur that can affect the pulmonary veins. For example, pulmonary vein stenosis occurs when there is a blockage in a pulmonary vein. The blockage is caused by uninhibited connective tissue cells growth that creates an abnormal thickening and narrowing of the vein walls. Pulmonary vein stenosis will progress until there is a total blockage of the affected vein. Pulmonary vein stenosis may be related to congenital heart disease or can occur in individuals with normal hearts.

Atrial fibrillation is another disorder of the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat in the top atrium. Research studies have found that most atrial fibrillation signals are received from the pulmonary veins. Luckily, pulmonary vein isolation or pulmonary vein ablation is a procedure that can be conducted to treat atrial fibrillation. Through the procedure, a catheter is inserted into the atrium’s blood vessels. Energy is delivered through the catheter to the area where the atrium and the pulmonary vein connect that blocks the irregular rhythm and prevents atrial fibrillation.

Many heart problems can be detected by an experienced medical doctor before they become fatal. In some cases, if a potential problem is found, a doctor may suggest undergoing further medical testing before surgery is conducted. In those cases, a pulmonary vein CT scan may occur. Through such a medical procedure, the pulmonary vein, or any portion of the heart can be inspected and a problem can be found – if one exists.