What is the Best Treatment for Mange?
At one time or another, most dog owners will deal with mange. However, all mange is not created equal. The disease is caused by mites, and each species causes a different type of mange. There are three distinct categories, two of which require veterinary treatment.
Cheyletiella is the least serious form of mange. Also known as "walking dandruff," this condition usually manifests itself in itching and light flakes over the dog's head and shoulders. The mite dies soon after leaving the host, so usually bathing the dog in a medicated shampoo is all that is necessary for treatment.
Sarcoptic mange is more serious, but generally very treatable. It can be transmitted to humans, in which case it is called scabies. This condition generally starts with intense itching and some hair loss. The dog will scratch furiously and can injure its skin, which may become infected. The ears often crust over first.
The dog will need a trip to the vet's office to confirm the diagnosis and to be treated. Ivermectin is the treatment of choice for sarcoptic mange. It is usually administered in two doses, two weeks apart. The dog may also require antibiotics and medicated baths for skin infections and itch relief. The family should be cautious about handling the animal, since this condition is contagious.
Demodetic mange is the third, and the most severe, type of mange. Most dogs have the demodex mite on their skin, but suppressed immune systems can cause mange to develop. Young dogs are the most susceptible; puppies receive the mites from their mother. In the localized form, hair loss occurs around the face or eyes. This may resolve without treatment.
In the generalized form, however, the demodex mites burrow deep into the skin, making it irritated and itchy. Sores follow and secondary skin infection is not uncommon. A veterinarian will want to take regular skin scrapings to make a correct diagnosis and to monitor the treatment progress. Prompt veterinary treatment is essential for your pet's recovery.
Veterinarians are divided on the best treatment for demodetic mange. Some recommend a small, daily ivermectin dose, along with medicated baths. This works for many dogs, but some, especially those in the herding group, can have a severe reaction to ivermectin.
The other treatment is a medicated benzoyl peroxide shampoo, followed by an amitraz dip. When the dip is used at least twice a week, at double strength, the results are typically very good. Amitraz can produce a sedative effect, and so should be used with caution on puppies or small breeds.
When a dog has demodetic mange, it is crucial to follow through the entire course of treatment, for as long as the vet prescribes. This condition can recur if not eradicated entirely. The vet will want to take a skin scraping about a month after the final treatment, just to make certain the disease has been eliminated.
Written by A Kaminsky
