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What is the Age of Johnson?

Licia Morrow
Licia Morrow

The Age of Johnson, often referred to as The Age of Sensibility, is the period in English literature that ranged from the middle of the eighteenth century until 1798. Ending this age, the Romantic Period arrived in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), poet, critic, and author of fiction, is the namesake for this period in literature. Johnson wielded considerable influence over this era with works that focused on neoclassical aesthetics (the study of natural and artistic beauty with an eye toward the great classical writers). Johnson and his fellow writers placed great emphasis on the values of the Enlightenment which stressed the importance of using knowledge, not faith and superstition, to enlighten others, and led to the expansion of many social, economic, and cultural areas including astronomy, politics, and medicine.

One of Samuel Johnson's creations was the Dictionary of the English Language.
One of Samuel Johnson's creations was the Dictionary of the English Language.

Writers of the Age of Johnson focused on the qualities of intellect, reason, balance, and order. Notable publications of the Age of Johnson include Burke’s A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origins of Our Ideas on the Sublime and Beautiful (1757), Johnson’s The Rambler (1750-52), and Goldsmith’s The Vicar of Wakefield (1766).

One of Johnson’s most lasting legacies is his Dictionary of the English Language (1755). While this huge undertaking of Johnson’s was neither the first dictionary in existence, nor exceptionally unique, it was the most used and admired until the appearance of the Oxford English Dictionary in 1928. One of Johnson’s most fervently held beliefs was that the language of the people should be used in literature, and that a writer should avoid using grammar and vocabulary that did not appeal to the common reader.

Poet William Wordsworth's work heralded the end of the Age of Johnson.
Poet William Wordsworth's work heralded the end of the Age of Johnson.

While the Age of Johnson and the Age of Sensibility are terms often used interchangeably, Johnson’s age is considered to be the last of the neoclassical eras, while writers in the latter period are famed with an anticipation of the Romantic Period with their focus on the individual and imagination.

The Age of Sensibility is marked by works that focus more directly on anticlassical features of old ballads and new bardic poetry. These writers began to embrace new forms of literary expression formerly avoided by writers of the Age of Johnson such as medieval history and folk literature. Classic prose fiction examples from the Age of Sensibility include Laurence Stern’s Tristram Shandy (1759) and Henry Mackenzie’s The Man of Feeling (1771). The poetry of William Collins, William Cowper, Thomas Gray, and Christopher Smart are also attributed to the Age of Sensibility.

Discussion Comments

anon357957

I feel this article downplays one of the major themes of the Age of Sensibility: the emphasis on imagination, and the resurgence of humanism in response to Augustan austerity. Of course, both eras had their skeptics and dissenters, but the Age of Sensibility was /primarily/ focused on feeling.

This led to the glorification of "fine feeling," and other such emotion-centered notions. Those who are interested in learning about this aspect of the Age ought to look up "sentimental novel," or the history of English literature.

ShadowGenius

@FitzMaurice

Okay, first- America has a lot to do with academia, and is a very strong intellectual and faith-based force in the world.

Secondly- Darwin is the one who laid the foundations for the fall of German thinking. Abandoning Judeo-Christian values was the mistake that the Third Reich made, and when they replaced a redemptive and neighborly mode of thinking with a social Darwinism of "survival of the fittest," they doomed themselves to the horrible atrocities they committed. Let us hope this never occurs in the modern world.

FitzMaurice

@dbuckley212

I think that Johnson was laying the foundation for real thinkers, such as Darwin and other rational scientists, to come forward and present strong logical arguments about existence and the meaning of life. It is through their hard work and rational skill that they were able to defy religious norms of the time and emerge with a solid set of theories which guides thinking in the present age. America has very little to do with this solid academia.

dbuckley212

Were you equating faith with superstition? Actually, the German thinkers of that age were vastly more significant than the English speaking thinkers, and they credited their faith and belief in things beyond our limited perception, with enabling them to think outside of the box. Great men like Nietzsche, Goethe, and Jung, all knew the importance of a religious, or meta-religious, worldview. Only today has the English world surpassed them, and that is due to the faith-centered perspective of America.

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    • One of Samuel Johnson's creations was the Dictionary of the English Language.
      By: Sebastian Crocker
      One of Samuel Johnson's creations was the Dictionary of the English Language.
    • Poet William Wordsworth's work heralded the end of the Age of Johnson.
      By: Georgios Kollidas
      Poet William Wordsworth's work heralded the end of the Age of Johnson.
    • Samuel Johnson was a poet, critic, and novelist.
      By: Georgios Kollidas
      Samuel Johnson was a poet, critic, and novelist.