Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil is the most commonly diagnosed cancer of all head and neck cancers. An estimated 90 percent of tonsil cancers are squamous cell cancers, which originate in the linings of mucus membranes and skin tissue. Males over 40 who drink heavily and use tobacco products are at the highest risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma.

Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil include using tobacco products, not taking proper care of teeth, eating too few vegetables and fruit, or heavy drinking. Previously contracting human papillomavirus-HPV also increases one's risk factor for developing the cancer. The cessation of high-risk behaviors, including drinking, smoking, and unprotected sex, helps decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil, though it does not eliminate it. Some people with none of the known risk factors still develop cancer.

A persistent sore throat or cough are two symptoms of tonsil cancer. In addition, an earache that will not go away, bleeding from the mouth, a lump in the neck, and difficulty swallowing can indicate tonsil cancer's presence. Similar symptoms are also common with less serious medical issues; however, only an evaluation by a medical professional can rule out cancer.

A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil usually requires an examination with a lighted scope and a biopsy of the tissue. CT scans, MRIs, and x-rays are also helpful tools in the diagnostic process. When a malignancy is confirmed, the next step is staging. This step identifies how far the cancer has advanced and whether it is contained in the throat or has also spread to other organs. Staging determines treatment options.

Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil depends on several factors. The patient's overall health and ability to withstand treatment are important prognosis elements. What stage the cancer is in when discovered, as well as the location and size of the cancer, also play an important role in the eventual prognosis. Cancers caught early have a high cure rate, while advanced cancers provide the biggest challenge for treatment success. Patients are urged to maintain treatment plans, join support groups, and learn stress-relieving techniques.

Follow-up care for tonsil cancer includes regular medical check-ups. The physician will check for a re-occurrence and provide support for treatment consequences. This can include prescribing vitamins and nutritional supplements for patients with decreased ability to take in adequate nutrition from food due to the aftereffects of cancer treatment.