Spiral dynamics addresses issues of human nature and development, as put forth in Don Beck and Chris Cowan's book Spiral Dynamics, released in 1996. The National Values Center Inc. also owns Spiral Dynamics® as a registered trademark. The theory holds that human nature is not constant or unchangeable, but that people as a group can strategically adapt to new situations when the need arises. They do this by creating a more complex conceptual model of the world, that even while it contains the previous one, still transcends it.

The reason that spiral dynamics is called this is that it aids in visualizing what the theory states, in a more simplified way. If we imagine a spiral that encompasses an ever-wider circumference as it progresses, and yet keeps the same center with each revolution, this holds many similarities to the theory explained in the book by Beck and Cowan. Each new conceptual model is organized around a system of core values that can apply both for individuals and entire cultures. These value systems are known as ^vMemes, with the "v" standing for "values," because they express themselves as memes that propagate themselves throughout society.

Supporters of this theory claim that its experienced application allows someone to analyze both the collective and individual aspects of behaviors and cultures. The ^vMemes described by Spiral Dynamics® are color-coded for organization, and describe the prevailing systems of values that have governed people and cultures at different times in the history of the world. Each new system of thought modifies and builds on the previous one, and seeks to solve any problems created by the older ways of living. The theory also states that each ^vMeme can be applied in both positive and negative ways. This pattern continues up to today.

Many of the practical implications of Spiral Dynamics® are seen by critics as not only political, but morally, problematic. Specifically, the theory seems to logically lead to authoritarianism and elitism. One example of this is the way that the book's description of the theory includes separating people into tiers of varying superiority. Beck's writing has emphasized that so-called "tier two" individuals are capable of making decisions for all, as well as managing lower-tier individuals, whether by their consent or otherwise.

As a result of these parts of the theory, it has not only garnered its share of critics, but has caused disagreements among its supporters, and even between Beck and Cowan themselves, regarding its true nature. The large variations seen in human cultures, even in the same time period, is one of the items cited by detractors of the theory as it was first defined. Ironically, Spiral Dynamics® may become something of a victim of its own assertions, as both supporters and detractors attempt to reconstruct it and solve the problems present in its original form.