What is Lymphoma?
Lymphoma refers to malignant tumors of the lymph system. The lymph system is a series of nodes or glands located in numerous places throughout the body, connected by a network of vessels which carry lymph fluid, or white blood cells. The lymph system is part of the immune system and key in fighting off disease. Lymphoma is considered a serious disease because cancer can spread throughout the body via the lymph vessels. However, recent advances in medicine have made lymphoma more treatable than ever before, and there is much success in defeating it.
There are several different kinds of lymphoma divided into two basic categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma, named after Dr. T. Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Within each category there are subtypes or classifications. While Hodgkin's lymphoma has five subtypes, there are about 35 recognized types of cancer that fall into the non-Hodgkin's category, and differentiating between them can be difficult.
Regardless of category, each classification or subtype behaves differently and in most cases requires its own specific treatment regimen. Therefore, careful diagnosis is necessary. If your oncologist is part of a research board working through a University, you may have the advantage of your case being presented before a review board to gain a consensus on the pathology or type of lymphoma, staging and treatment. If not, it is always wise to seek a second opinion from another experienced oncologist who will review your test results and make his or her own diagnosis.
Some types of lymphoma are tougher to fight than others, but generally speaking, this disease responds to treatment in most cases. The main concern is a tendency for recurrence with certain types of lymphoma. Chemotherapy and radiation can also produce long-term effects years after lymphoma has been cured, but this situation is expected to improve with time as medical advancements continue to be made.
Among promising new treatments for lymphoma are biological drugs, such as rituxamab. This man-made antibody attaches itself to a substance called CD20, found on the surface of many types of lymphoma cells. In attaching itself, it kills the cancer cell without affecting nearby healthy cells. This is a significant improvement over chemotherapy and radiation treatments, which kill healthy and cancerous cells alike. Other types of man-made antibodies are also in use, and research is ongoing.
There is no recognized cause for lymphoma at this time, though the medical community suspects some types might be caused by a virus. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with lymphoma, chances are there are many reasons to be hopeful and positive that a full recovery can be made. See the American Cancer Society for more information.
Written by R. Kayne
