What is Lemongrass?

There are many related species of the herb lemongrass, all of which are in the grass family, Poaceae. East Indian and West Indian lemongrass are popular names for Cymbopogon flexuous and Cymbopogon citratus, respectively. The herb is an evergreen, native to Southeast Asia, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Australia. So-called West Indian lemongrass may have originated in Malaysia.

Description. The narrow foliage of lemongrass ranges from blue-green to gold, and the flowers are white, cream, or green. C. flexuous grows to a height of 8 feet (2.4 m), while C. citratus ranges from about 3 to 5 feet (0.9–1.5 m).

Gardening. Lemongrass prefers moist soil and full sun. It can be propagated by dividing the root clump. The leaves can be dried or frozen. Dried leaves need re-hydration before use. Information differs on whether the bulbous stem end, the leaves, or both should be used and how, so consult a recipe for the use you have in mind to see what it recommends.

Food and Other Uses. Lemongrass is very mild, rating only a one on the hotness scale. It is most closely associated with savory dishes and with Thai, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Indonesian, and Indian cooking. The herb is used in curry, stir fry, soups, and marinades. For example, it can be sauteed, mixed with soy sauce and spices, and used as a marinade. It is also popular with seafood. Lemongrass is often used in combination with coconut milk.

Lemongrass tisane is made by pouring boiling water over the leaves. Sweet dishes are less common, but include sorbets, ice cream, and spiced fruit dishes. It is more frequently available as a spice or a spice blend component since 2000, but it is far from a customary grocery item. Although citronella is a better known lemon-scented insect repellent, lemongrass has recently been used more frequently in non-DEET formulations. The plant is also used as an ornamental grass.