Hibiscus sabdariffa, often referred to as the roselle plant, is a species in the Hibiscus genus and Malvaceae family. Native to regions of the Old World tropics, this plant may be either perennial or annual, a herb, or woody dwarf shrub. Widely cultivated for its strong fibers, it is also well known for its edibility and medicinal properties.

Known by many names — such as zobo in Nigeria, flor de Jamaica in Mexico, and sorrel in the Caribbean — this plant has a wide distribution. This is due not only to its extensive uses, but also because of its unique appearance. The attractive Hibiscus sabdariffa plant is generally branched and erect, growing between 7 to 8 feet (2 to 2.5 m) in height. Leaves that grow along its branches range in color from green to red, are alternate, and bear three to seven lobes.

The flowers and fruits of the Hibiscus sabdariffa add to its aesthetic appeal. They are generally large, and petals are sometimes red but more commonly yellow or white, with a deep red spot at the base of each petal. These plants also bear a large, fleshy calyx that begins as a medium green hue, but gradually deepens into a bright red as the fruits begin to mature.

Widely known as a source of jute, or coarse threads made out of vegetable fibers, Hibiscus sabdariffa has long been used in a variety of other ways. For instance, this plant has sometimes been used to create yellow dye and food coloring. Despite the many other applications of this plant, it is best known for its culinary uses. For example, the calyx is frequently made into herbal teas and syrups, as well as jams and jellies, wines, sorbets, and other desserts. Though the calyx is the most frequently used portion of the plant, the leaves and seeds are often made into salads, curries, and potherbs.

As well as being delicious, Hibiscus sabdariffa is also thought to have many medicinal properties. Different parts of this plant are thought to have different actions, including antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purgative, and diuretic. In folk medicine, this plant is often used to soothe cold symptoms, cure digestive and heart-related ailments, and heal skin issues, such as abscesses, wounds, and ulcers. Additionally, some feel that the dried calyx may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of certain types of cancer.