Hard water is water with a high dissolved mineral content, while soft water has a relatively low concentrated of dissolved minerals. All water except for water which has been meticulously distilled will have some dissolved minerals, since water is an excellent solvent and it readily combines with the substances it comes into contact with. However, high concentrations of minerals can be problematic. Hard water is not generally harmful, but it can be irritating and it will shorten the life of home appliances.

The most common dissolved minerals in hard water are calcium and magnesium, although other minerals may certainly be present as well. These substances can cause serious problems for home appliances when they precipitate out, forming a characteristic scale which may accumulate in pipes and around faucets. If the scale is not promptly removed, it can start to clog pipes, and it can damage things like water heaters and dishwashers which cannot cope with the calcification.

Most people notice problems with hard water not because of the scale formation, but because it interferes with the action of soap. Soaps and detergents lather poorly in hard water, and as a result people tend to use more, causing thick scums to form. In addition, it's hard to get clean properly when washing with hard water, and some people feel constantly dirty when they wash with it. Hard water also leaves residue in hair which can make hair hard to manage.

There are a number of ways to deal with hard water. In some cases, water can be filtered before it even reaches household pipes, although this approach can be expensive. Some water districts may choose to filter or treat their water to remove hardness, if hardness is a consistent problem. The hard water issue can also be solved with the use of water softeners, chemicals which help to pull the dissolved minerals out.

If you have hard water, make sure to use a dishwashing detergent specially formulated for it. Detergents designed for hard water will help to get your clothes clean if you've noticed that things aren't as crisp and fresh as they should be, and some cosmetics companies have also designed shower products which are meant for use in hard water. These soaps and shampoos will remove hard water buildup and soften the water you bathe with so that you can feel clean.

You should also keep an eye on your pipes and appliances, and remove the calcified buildup of hard water on a regular basis. You will probably have to replace water heaters more frequently than people with soft water, and you may want to consider installing a water filter on the intake valve of your hot water heater to soften the water, extending the length of your hot water heater. Filters are also available for dishwashers and washing machines.