Companies and organizations must assess, mitigate, and monitor certain risks involved with their daily operations. A specific area of risk that must be identified is that on the local and global environment. Accidents, natural events, and deliberate assaults are all possible ways for an enterprise to cause pollution or other environmental risks. In order to limit, and hopefully prevent these situations, environmental risk management places a strong emphasis on targeting the problems that could arise and implements a system of metrics that help with prevention.

Environmental risk management is used by both public and private sectors of the economy. An organization must establish procedures that manage the uncertainty of its operations, which involves following certain protocol and implementing tools that will ensure conformance to those procedures. These procedures must be applied to day-to-day activities that may be a threat to environmental well-being, as well as overall infrastructure assessment, to lower or eliminate damage to the environment caused by the organization.

The first step to properly ensuring environmental risk management is effective within the organization is to identify the most critical assets of the enterprise. How these assets function within the broader landscape of the environment is important. The organization must determine if any of these assets are a threat to the long-term stability of the environment and how they will ultimately impact the life of the business.

An organization must then identify any changes associated with environmental risk management that may be a threat to its continued existence. For example, if the company uses large quantities of paper, the fact that the level of natural tree growth continues to dwindle is a long-term threat to the survival of the organization. The enterprise must find a way to ensure that the paper source continues to grow as the business grows. One way this could be mitigated is by purchasing a segment of the forest sector or implementing a recycled paper program.

Vulnerability is paramount in determining the risks associated with specific types of events. The organization must make an assessment of which areas are most likely to cause problems and which ones are unlikely. This allows the business to allocate assets in an effort to stave off the likely effects of the threat. A business will be able to find the most critical elements of environmental threat and move the most amount of assets to combat this possibility. This helps a company prioritize.

Another option for handling environmental risk management includes the transfer of risks to another party. This can be handled by outsourcing certain aspects of the company's operations, or by utilizing risk insurance programs to guarantee a limited amount of liability in the event of a catastrophe.

While an organization can adjust its operations to handle certain criteria in which it operates on a daily or long-term basis. There are a number of threats in which a company has very little control. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes or volcanoes are difficult to predict and can cause significant problems for a company, particularly if it is headquartered in an area in which these events are commonplace. Using environmental risk management, an enterprise will adjust to these threats by establishing itself in areas in which these events generally do not occur.