What is Crochet?

Crochet is a method of making fabric from yarn or thread, much like knitting. In both crochet and knitting, loops of yarn are pulled through other loops to make fabric. Crochet makes use of a crochet hook, while knitters use knitting needles, and in most cases, only a single thread loop is active at a given time in crochet.

Crochet became very popular in Europe and America during the 19th century. The increasingly efficient production of cotton thread in America contributed to the craft's popularity, as crochet uses more thread than other fabric-making techniques and is particularly suited to cotton. In the early 19th century, crochet emerged as a relatively cheap and simple method of lace manufacture. It was adopted by women who made fabric for a living as well as by young women of the upper classes, who crocheted as a hobby. During the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s, women in Ireland produced great quantities of crocheted lace for export.

Crochet has waxed and waned in popularity since its widespread adoption in the 19th century. In the 20th century, many new patterns and styles for the craft arose, most using thicker yarn, rather than the thread popular in 19th century crocheted lace. Crochet remains a staple of homemade crafts as it is easy to learn and can only be produced by hand, unlike knitting. Today, there are many variations on the basic crochet method, such as broomstick lace, cro-hooking, Filet crochet, hairpin lace, Irish crochet and Tunisian crochet. Tunisian crochet works many loops at a time and makes use of a very long crochet hook with a stoppered end.

Today, crochet is used to produce a great variety of crafts. In addition to lace trims, doilies, runners, and similar products, crochet can be used to make blankets, scarves, and many articles of clothing, even bikinis, thanks to designs using thicker yarn. The modern variety of yarn also helps make endless possibilities for the talented crocheter.

Written by Niki Foster