Bruxism is a medical condition in which the sufferer grinds or clenches the teeth unconsciously, often during sleep. Bruxism affects many children and adults and can be a serious condition. People with bruxism suffer from a number of related dental and medical conditions, which can worsen over time if the bruxism is not corrected. Many people with bruxism are not aware of their condition, as they only grind their teeth while unconscious. Often, a person who sleeps in the same room as the affected individual is the one who discovers the problem, due to the characteristic sound of tooth grinding.

Chronically clenching the jaw can cause pain in the jaw, ears, or face, as well as muscle soreness and headaches. In addition, bruxism can damage the teeth through chipping or erosion. The teeth of a person with bruxism can become more sensitive and more prone to cavities as the enamel is worn away. Bruxism can even affect one's sleeping partner, as the noise can be loud enough to prevent him or her from getting a good night's sleep.

Lifestyle may contribute to the development of bruxism, though it is not known to what degree this is true. Excessive alcohol intake, along with poor exercise and sleep habits, are thought to contribute to the condition. Stress may also be a factor, particularly in those whose bruxism manifests during waking hours. However, many cases of bruxism are due to a misaligned jaw or teeth, especially in children. Bruxism can also be a symptom of another disease or a side effect of certain medications.

The most common treatment for bruxism is a mouth guard worn during sleep. This treatment can both prevent damage to the teeth and minimize tooth grinding behavior. Mouth guards for bruxism may be purchased over-the-counter or custom fitted. Lifestyle changes, such as consciously relaxing the jaw during the day, managing stress, and making sure to get a full night's sleep, can also be helpful.