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What is Beryllium?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Beryllium is a metallic chemical element grouped with the alkaline earth elements, which include magnesium, calcium, barium, radium, and strontium. Like other elements in this group, it is a silvery gray metal, and its oxides are alkaline. There are a number of uses for beryllium, although care needs to be taken when handling it, since it has been established as a carcinogen. People who are exposed to it on a regular basis should be especially careful about lung protection, as inhaling the fumes and particles is very hazardous for lung health.

The atomic number of beryllium is four, and it is indicated by the symbol Be on the periodic table of elements. It is the lightest of the alkaline earth elements, and appears in a rigid, steely gray form when it is pure. The element is able to resist corrosion rather well, and it also has a very high melting point. This traits make it a popular inclusion in metal alloys. The hexagonal crystalline structure of beryllium makes it very rigid, and the metal also has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.

Beryllium exposure has been linked to lung cancer.
Beryllium exposure has been linked to lung cancer.

Pure beryllium is not found in nature, and it was not isolated until 1828. One of its more well known compounds is beryl, called aquamarine or emerald when it appears in a gem form. It also appears in bertrandite and phenakite, among other compounds. Widespread isolation of beryllium for industrial use did not begin until the 1950s, and it continues to be an expensive and difficult process. As a result, the pure form commands a high price.

Exhaustion is one sign of chronic beryllium disease.
Exhaustion is one sign of chronic beryllium disease.

Initially, beryllium was known as glucinium, because the salts of the element are naturally sweet. Fortunately, scientists do not need to taste these salts to identify them any longer, as they carcinogenic. Among its many uses, the element is alloyed with copper and employed in nuclear reactors. It is also used for x-ray diagnostics, and it appears in some aerospace manufacturing, since it is lightweight, strong, and flexible, especially when alloyed.

The atomic number of beryllium is 4, and it is indicated by the symbol Be on the periodic table of elements.
The atomic number of beryllium is 4, and it is indicated by the symbol Be on the periodic table of elements.

Exposure to beryllium can result in the formation of systemic granulomas, especially in the respiratory tract. Long term exposure is closely linked with lung cancer. Chronic beryllium disease, the result of abnormally high levels of exposure, can appear years after the exposure, and is characterized by difficulty breathing, exhaustion, heart disease, and severe weight loss. Some people also experience skin problems such as rashes as a result of exposure.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllTheScience researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllTheScience researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

anon79932

Here are a few questions I have:

1)Why do people refuse to research for answers to their questions - instead of expecting everyone to hand all the answers to them?

anon53578

this is interesting.

anon27645

Here are a few questions I have:

1. What other elements bond with Beryllium?

2. What is the color, shape, size and texture of Beryllium?

3. How do scientists collect the pure element, Beryllium?

4. Where is Beryllium purchased? How much does it cost?

5. What are Beryllium's uses in society?

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    • Beryllium exposure has been linked to lung cancer.
      By: itsmejust
      Beryllium exposure has been linked to lung cancer.
    • Exhaustion is one sign of chronic beryllium disease.
      By: lassedesignen
      Exhaustion is one sign of chronic beryllium disease.
    • The atomic number of beryllium is 4, and it is indicated by the symbol Be on the periodic table of elements.
      By: jelena zaric
      The atomic number of beryllium is 4, and it is indicated by the symbol Be on the periodic table of elements.