Environment
Fact-checked

At AllThingsNature, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge.

Learn more...

What is Arundinaria?

Niki Foster
Niki Foster
Niki Foster
Niki Foster

Arundinaria, commonly called cane, is the only genus of bamboo native to eastern North America. There are three species: A. appalachiana or hill cane, A. tecta or switchcane, and A. gigantea, commonly called giant cane or river cane. The canes grow only in the eastern United States, from New Jersey in the north to Florida in the south, and west to Texas and Ohio. The plant was very important to Native Americans before European colonization. Arundinaria was first described in 1788, when it was classified under the grass genus Arundo, and thought to have only two species, A. gigantea and A. tecta.

Arundinaria stalks are 1.6 to 26 feet (0.5 to 8 meters) tall and feature rhizomes, or horizontal underground stems. They produce seeds rarely, and seed production is often followed by the death of the colony. Arundinaria plants feature a fan-like growth of leaves, called a top knot, at the top of new stems.

Arundinaria is a genus of bamboo native to North America, growing from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas and Ohio.
Arundinaria is a genus of bamboo native to North America, growing from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas and Ohio.

A. appalachiana is native to the Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States, while A. tecta grows in swamps and other wet areas, and A. gigantea grows along perennial streams. A. appalachiana was originally classified as a variant of A. tecta, but became classified as a separate species in 2006. A. appalachiana is the smallest species in the genus, with stalks limited to about 3.2 feet (1 meter) in length, while A. gigantea is the largest Arundinaria species.

Before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans used arundinaria as fuel, food, and a craft medium.
Before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans used arundinaria as fuel, food, and a craft medium.

At the time of early European exploration of the present day United States, Arundinaria grew in extremely large concentrations called canebrakes, especially in river lowlands. The canebrakes covered hundreds of thousands of acres or hectares. Clearing, farming, and fire have since depleted these growths, while the plant lost its importance due to presumed superior technology from overseas and to the forced relocation of the indigenous people who made use of the cane plants.

Arundinaria has been used to stimulate the kidneys.
Arundinaria has been used to stimulate the kidneys.

Before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans used cane as fuel, food, and a craft medium, using parts of the plant to make such diverse items as clothing, housing, basketry, woven mats, pipes, musical instruments, weapons, jewelry, furniture, and boats. Arundinaria was also used to make medicine and as a feed for livestock. The plant has traditionally been used to stimulate the kidneys and renew strength. A. gigantea was historically used to fashion flutes and woven baskets, particularly by the Cherokee and other tribes of the eastern United States. The canebrakes were also used as wild game habitats and agricultural land.

Frequently Asked Questions

What exactly is Arundinaria?

Arundinaria is a genus of bamboo native to the southeastern United States. It's commonly known as cane or switch cane and is one of the few bamboo species native to North America. These perennial grasses are characterized by their woody, hollow stems and can form dense thickets called canebrakes, which are vital habitats for wildlife.

How does Arundinaria differ from other bamboo species?

Arundinaria differs from other bamboos primarily in its geographic range, being native to North America, whereas most bamboos are found in Asia. It's also generally smaller and less aggressive than many exotic bamboo species. Arundinaria species are adapted to local climates and ecosystems, making them an integral part of their native habitats.

What are the ecological benefits of Arundinaria?

Arundinaria plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by providing habitat and food for various wildlife species. It stabilizes soil with its extensive root system, preventing erosion, and its dense thickets offer shelter for animals like birds and small mammals. It also acts as a natural water filter, improving the quality of watershed areas.

Can Arundinaria be used commercially?

Yes, Arundinaria has commercial uses. Historically, it was used for making paper, baskets, and even fishing poles. Today, it's valued for its aesthetic appeal in landscaping and as a renewable resource for crafting and construction. Its fast growth rate and sustainability make it an attractive alternative to traditional timber.

Is Arundinaria invasive?

Arundinaria is not typically considered invasive within its native range in the southeastern United States. However, like many bamboos, it can spread if not managed properly. It's important to differentiate between native Arundinaria species and non-native bamboos, some of which can be highly invasive and disruptive to local ecosystems.

How can I grow Arundinaria in my garden?

To grow Arundinaria, choose a suitable location with ample sunlight and well-draining soil. Planting from rhizomes or divided clumps in the spring is most effective. Regular watering and fertilization will help establish the plants. Be mindful of its potential to spread and consider installing barriers to contain its growth if necessary.

Niki Foster
Niki Foster

In addition to her role as a AllThingsNature editor, Niki enjoys educating herself about interesting and unusual topics in order to get ideas for her own articles. She is a graduate of UCLA, where she majored in Linguistics and Anthropology.

Learn more...
Niki Foster
Niki Foster

In addition to her role as a AllThingsNature editor, Niki enjoys educating herself about interesting and unusual topics in order to get ideas for her own articles. She is a graduate of UCLA, where she majored in Linguistics and Anthropology.

Learn more...

Discuss this Article

Post your comments
Login:
Forgot password?
Register:
    • Arundinaria is a genus of bamboo native to North America, growing from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas and Ohio.
      By: Hamik
      Arundinaria is a genus of bamboo native to North America, growing from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas and Ohio.
    • Before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans used arundinaria as fuel, food, and a craft medium.
      By: namwar69
      Before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans used arundinaria as fuel, food, and a craft medium.
    • Arundinaria has been used to stimulate the kidneys.
      By: 7activestudio
      Arundinaria has been used to stimulate the kidneys.