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What is an Anole?

Sheri Cyprus
Sheri Cyprus

An anole is a lizard that is native to parts of the Caribbean and the Southern United States. There are at least 200 species of the anole. The only species found wild in the United States is the green anole.

The anole is sometimes confused with a chameleon. The Carolina anole, or Anolis carolinensis, does change color, but is not a chameleon and changes only from green to brown. The environment, temperature and the amount of darkness or daylight all affect whether the anole will be green or brown, but stress is also a factor.

A globe showing the Caribbean and Southern US, where anoles live.
A globe showing the Caribbean and Southern US, where anoles live.

Anoles are said to be highly sensitive to stress and anoles experiencing stress may be brown in color most of the time, except with no light at night, and/or display lethargy. Some species of anoles do not change different colors, but only shades of the same color such as the Cuban brown anole that always stays a shade of brown.

Anoles are arboreal which means they like to be in leafy areas. Sometimes they can be found on branches or rock walls. Anoles eat many types of small insects, except some types of beetles.

The anole lizard has an interesting fan-like appendage on its throat called a dew lap. You can't really see the dew lap unless the anole chooses to show it such as during mating rituals or when defending its territory. The displayed dew lap can be very colorful such as red with yellow spots.

Although anoles are different from chameleons, both have eyes that don't necessarily have to move together. Like other reptiles, the anole sheds its skin. Anoles may also eat their shed skin.

The anole has the ability to defend itself by detaching its tail to distract their predators while they run to safety. Another tail grows back, but it usually looks noticeably different and is less functional that the original tail. Anoles also protect themselves by biting. Their bite is not poisonous, but may be fairly painful. Anoles are not usually aggressive unless provoked.

Frequently Asked Questions

What exactly is an anole?

An anole is a type of lizard belonging to the family Dactyloidae, which is known for its ability to change color and its dewlap, a brightly colored flap of skin under the throat used in territorial displays. These small to medium-sized lizards are native to warmer parts of the Americas, with a high diversity in the Caribbean.

How do anoles change color, and why do they do it?

Anoles change color through the expansion and contraction of pigment cells called chromatophores in their skin. This process allows them to blend into their surroundings for camouflage, regulate their body temperature, or communicate with other anoles, especially during mating rituals or when defending territory.

What do anoles eat?

Anoles are primarily insectivorous, feeding on a diet of insects and other small invertebrates. They are adept hunters, using their keen eyesight and quick reflexes to catch prey such as beetles, flies, and spiders. Some larger species may also consume fruit or smaller vertebrates.

Can anoles be kept as pets, and what care do they require?

Yes, anoles can be kept as pets, often being a popular choice for beginner reptile enthusiasts. They require a well-ventilated terrarium with appropriate humidity and temperature gradients, UVB lighting for vitamin D synthesis, and a diet of live insects. Regular tank cleaning and fresh water are essential for their health.

What is the lifespan of an anole, and how do they reproduce?

Anoles generally live for about 4 to 8 years in the wild, though they can live longer in captivity with proper care. They reproduce by laying eggs, with females depositing single eggs in moist soil or leaf litter at intervals throughout the breeding season. The eggs hatch after 5 to 7 weeks.

Are anoles endangered, and what threats do they face?

While many anole species are not currently endangered, habitat destruction, pollution, and the introduction of non-native species pose significant threats to their populations. Conservation efforts are important to protect their natural habitats and ensure the survival of these diverse and adaptable lizards.

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    • A globe showing the Caribbean and Southern US, where anoles live.
      By: Anton Balazh
      A globe showing the Caribbean and Southern US, where anoles live.