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What is a Viral Fever?

Geisha A. Legazpi
Geisha A. Legazpi

In medical terminology, basal body temperature elevation due to a viral infection is called a viral fever. The actual virus that causes the fever may or may not be identifiable. A viral fever may be accompanied by other signs and symptoms, such as runny nose, red eyes, malaise, irritability, joint and muscle pains, enlarged lymph nodes, and skin rash. Most of the time, a viral fever resolves after three to seven days and is considered benign and self-limiting. It can, however, cause complications, particularly among the very young, the very old, and the immunocompromised.

The transmission of a particular virus usually occurs when a person inhales aerosolized particles, eats or drinks contaminated food or water, or is in direct contact with another infected person. Some viruses are spread through direct inoculation or sexual contact. Viruses may affect a certain organ, and medical symptoms may localize to that organ. For instance, adenovirus and rhinovirus affect the upper respiratory tract, causing upper respiratory tract infection, while rotavirus and norovirus affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing gastroenteritis or diarrhea. After the virus has spread locally, it is transported into the blood or lymph and is eventually fought off by the immune system.

Viral infections can cause moderate fevers.
Viral infections can cause moderate fevers.

A viral fever occurs because substances like prostaglandins, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are released by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Fever occurs when these substances stimulate the hypothalamus to reset the body’s temperature set point at a higher level. Paracetamol, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are able to reduce fever because they prevent prostaglandin synthesis.

Body temperature elevation due to a virus is known as a viral fever.
Body temperature elevation due to a virus is known as a viral fever.

Additionally, a viral fever plays an important role in helping limit the viral infection. It is hypothesized that with the elevation of body temperature, special proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs) are activated to boost the response of lymphocytes to the infecting virus. Fever between 38 to 39 degrees Celsius (100.4 to 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit) is classified as a low-grade fever, and between 39 to 40 degrees Celsius (102.2 and 104 degrees Fahrenheit) is classified as a moderate-grade fever. A high-grade fever occurs when the body temperature goes beyond 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Hyperpyrexia occurs when the body temperature reaches 42 degrees Celsius (107.6 degrees Fahrenheit) and above.

The human body can raise its temperature to fight off viruses.
The human body can raise its temperature to fight off viruses.

A viral fever can be beneficial, but a fever classified as moderate grade or high grade is a cause for concern. Temperature-lowering measures, such as taking antipyretic medicines and having cold baths, should be given to the patient. In particular, hyperpyrexia is considered a medical emergency because it reaches the limit of what is compatible with life.

Discussion Comments

discographer

@stoneMason-- I'm not sure. I believe both viral and bacterial infections can affect the gastrointestinal system. Unless you get a test to find out the pathogen causing the infection, it could be difficult to know. The symptoms for both are fairly similar. If the doctors say that it's a viral infection, then yes, the fever is a viral fever.

But even when there is a viral fever, the treatment is basically rest and lots of fluids. If there is vomiting or diarrhea, then they may give medication to stop those, a serum for dehydration and something to reduce the fever if it continues. So in terms of treatment, it doesn't really matter if the fever is viral or bacterial. The only concern is if you ate a restaurant chain or something, then there might be a significant food contamination in that area.

stoneMason

Is it possible to have a fever from a stomach bug? And if I do, does that mean that it's a viral fever?

burcinc

Some doctors recommend leaving mild fevers alone. I've read that aside from being a sign of illness, a fever is also a positive reaction by the immune system. Apparently, some viruses cannot live in high temperatures and increasing temperature can be the immune system's way of fighting the infection.

So fever is actually a good thing. Unless of course, it becomes too high, than it causes more harm than good. I personally don't do anything if I have a mild fever. If it goes above 102 degrees Fahrenheit, then I take a fever reducer.

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    • Viral infections can cause moderate fevers.
      By: evgenyatamanenko
      Viral infections can cause moderate fevers.
    • Body temperature elevation due to a virus is known as a viral fever.
      By: Ocskay Bence
      Body temperature elevation due to a virus is known as a viral fever.
    • The human body can raise its temperature to fight off viruses.
      By: svetlana larina
      The human body can raise its temperature to fight off viruses.
    • Viral fevers are usually part of a cold.
      By: jinga80
      Viral fevers are usually part of a cold.