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What is a Torque Screwdriver?

J. Airman
J. Airman

A torque screwdriver is a tool used to turn screw head fasteners to a precise and uniform tension. Torque is the measure of turning strength applied to twist an object. The English system measures torque in units of foot pounds or inch pounds, and the metric system uses Newton meters. Manually powered, pneumatic, and electric versions of the torque screwdriver are available to meet the needs of almost any size project. Most torque screwdrivers are adjustable within a range of torque strengths to accommodate multiple applications.

Manual torque screwdrivers generally have an in-line drive shaft and handle similar to the traditional screwdrivers. Electric models may have this same form or have an offset handle that makes them look more like an electric drill. A pneumatic or air-powered torque wrench almost always looks like a drill and is typically the most powerful variety of torque screwdriver.

Pneumatic torque screwdrivers may be used by mechanics and in industrial applications.
Pneumatic torque screwdrivers may be used by mechanics and in industrial applications.

The unique operational feature of a torque screwdriver is the pressure-sensitive clutch. This built-in limiter controls the maximum amount of turning power applied to the screw by disengaging the drive connection at the preset torque level. Adjusting the clutch position allows the user to set the torque within the range offered by the tool. Most manual and air-powered torque screwdrivers feature slip-clutch and cam-over designs that allow the tool to continue operating as the drive gears separate. Automatic shut-off clutches go a step further by powering down the electronic torque screwdriver completely to allow for even more precise torque control.

Pneumatic torque screwdrivers are often used by assembly line workers.
Pneumatic torque screwdrivers are often used by assembly line workers.

Corporate manufacturing operations often use torque screwdrivers to attach multiple joints on a product with equal pressure. Torque screwdrivers greatly reduce the variations between screw fastener attachments that are common when multiple builders are completing a large project together. Equally driven screws increase the structural integrity and overall stability of an assembled item. Overdriving a screw often splits the material or damages the screw threads and ultimately weakens the fasteners' connection. Sending the screw in too short may not drive it into the second surface and make the connection.

Torque screwdrivers that get regular use are often tested and recalibrated to insure a constant torque output. A machine called a torque tester is attached to the head of the tool to give a reading of the applied turning power once the torque screwdriver is fully engaged. Damage from extensive use may cause bends and cracks in the gears of a torque screwdriver that render it unable to sustain a set torque value.

Discussion Comments

anon271311

I'm wondering about how the use of a crow's foot should be calculated for a desired torque setting?

I fully understand how to calculate the torque setting for a torque wrench when using an adapter, but doing the same for a torque screwdriver is a bit more challenging.

For instance, the maintenance manual for an aircraft engine states a torque value of 12 inches per pound on a fuel injector B-nut that is difficult to reach, requiring the use of a crow's foot that has a 1 inch reach. My smallest torque wrench has a range of 15-100 inch per pound, so it can't be used, but my Klein torque screwdriver is 5-36 inches per pound.

How do I calculate the tool torque value that will let me deliver 12 inch per pound using a 1 in crow's foot with a torquing screwdriver, please?

everetra

@hamje32 - You can certainly buy a torque screwdriver. They range in price from $50 to several hundred dollars. I would think you can get them from any home improvement store. One feature they have is a meter that helps you set the torque, and stops the screwdriver when that amount of pressure has been applied.

Ensuring you have equal pressure does make a big difference. I’ve sometimes had to remove screws from wooden furniture or plumbing attachments. Sometimes I’ll be able to remove all the screws except the very last one, because it was put in with too much pressure; sometimes it even ruins the thread which makes it even more difficult to remove.

hamje32

Can I buy a pneumatic torque screwdriver? I think this would be a useful addition to my tool set. Actually I can accomplish similar results with what I currently have. For example, I have a screwdriver attachment that I use with my drill.

It allows me to turn screw heads quickly and tightly. I’ve used it a lot in some of my home improvement projects. It’s a lot easier than a manual screwdriver.

However, there’s one thing it doesn’t have. It doesn’t have a torque sensor, like the torque screwdriver has. In other words, there’s no way to know if you’ve applied too much pressure. I have to rely on how the screwdriver feels as I’m using it to know when to stop.

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    • Pneumatic torque screwdrivers may be used by mechanics and in industrial applications.
      By: uwimages
      Pneumatic torque screwdrivers may be used by mechanics and in industrial applications.
    • Pneumatic torque screwdrivers are often used by assembly line workers.
      By: Photographee.eu
      Pneumatic torque screwdrivers are often used by assembly line workers.