A spiral fracture is a type of bone fracture which is caused by a twisting force. You may also hear spiral fractures referred to as torsion fractures, in a reference to the forces involved to create a spiral fracture. Because the break is helical, it can be difficult to treat a spiral fracture, involving months in a cast and possible surgery, depending on the location of the break, the general health of the individual, and the specific circumstances involved in a fracture.

A classic example of a spiral fracture is a fracture incurred while skiing. Because skiers lock their feet into the skis in sturdy ski boots, if a ski breaks or the skier loses control and the ski rotates, the leg may be violently twisted in one direction, creating a textbook spiral fracture. As anyone who has broken a leg skiing knows, this type of spiral fracture can be extraordinarily painful, and it typically quashes any skiing activity for several months, at least.

To diagnose a spiral fracture, a doctor will take x-rays of the site and examine them. The x-rays will confirm that the issue is a fracture, and a close examination of the x-ray will provide information about what kind of fracture is involved. Depending on the situation, the doctor may recommend surgery to pin the fracture, ensuring proper healing in the event of a severe break, or the limb may simply be set in a cast to hold it still while the fracture heals.

You don't need much torsion to create a spiral fracture, especially in the case of people with fragile bones due to age or poor diet. In the event that you do not have immediate access to medical care, as might be the case when you are camping, you should immobilize any suspected fracture with a splint to keep the patient comfortable while you transport him or her to a hospital.

The spiral fracture has become famous as a warning sign of abuse, especially in children, because the twisting motion necessary could be caused by something such as a parent or guardian grabbing and twisting the arm or leg of a child. When doctors see spiral fractures in children, it may set off warning bells; in the event that you take your child to the hospital for a broken bone and it is diagnosed as a spiral fracture, do not be offended if the doctor asks some searching questions. These questions are asked out of concern and to confirm the cause of the fracture, because the doctor wants to make sure that your child is safe.