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What is a Shikra?

R. Britton
R. Britton

Commonly known as a little banded goshawk, a shikra is a small, predatory bird native to Africa and Asia. The scientific name of this bird is Accipiter badius and it is listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a species of least concern. This bird has a very large geographic range and a wide selection of different habitats. Differences between these birds across the range have lead to six subspecies being recognized.

This species is a very common site across most of Asia and is also fairly widespread across much of Africa. According to the IUCN, the population of the shikra is estimated to be in excess of approximately one million. The large numbers, combined with the vast geographic range, wide and varied diet, and habitat means that this species is in the least concern category. This means it is not considered to be at serious risk of extinction.

A shikra is also known as a little banded goshawk, a predatory bird native to Africa and Asia.
A shikra is also known as a little banded goshawk, a predatory bird native to Africa and Asia.

The natural habitat of the shikra includes grassland, woodland, and agricultural land as well as savannas, arid and semi-arid regions, and tropical and subtropical areas. These birds can also be found in areas of human habitation, even living and hunting in hustling towns. The shikra builds new nest every year, high up in trees, although it is not uncommon to see this bird nesting on tall buildings in urban areas.

The female takes responsibility for incubating eggs, while the male takes charge of protecting the nest and hunting; the male brings food back to the female, who cannot leave the nest during incubation. Up to seven eggs are laid, with a day between each. Eggs take about one month to hatch; the female then takes sole charge of hunting, feeding, and rearing the young.

A comparatively small raptor, the shikra is diurnal, i.e., hunting only during daylight. The diet of this bird is varied because of its large range. Prey includes small reptiles, birds, amphibians, invertebrates, and mammals. It will also eat the juveniles of larger species of birds and mammals. Reaching only 12 inches (30 centimeters) in length, the shikra is rarely used in serious falconry because it catches only, very small prey. This species is occasionally used in falconry, however, as a bird for beginners or novices.

In turn, the shikra is hunted by larger raptors such as martial eagles and sparrow hawks. If caught by surprise, this bird can also fall prey to domestic cats and dogs. In natural surroundings, the shikra is also a food source for many large, carnivorous land mammals.

There are six recognize subspecies. Most of the differences between the birds involve small, localized adaptations. Variations include plumage color and food preferences. Incubation and rearing the young has become a shared male and female task among some of the subspecies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Shikra and where can it be found?

A Shikra is a small bird of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae, known scientifically as Accipiter badius. It is native to Asia and Africa, thriving in a variety of habitats including forests, farmlands, and urban areas. Shikras are widespread, with their range extending from South Africa to the Philippines, showcasing their adaptability to different environments.

How can you identify a Shikra?

Shikras are identifiable by their sharp features and agile flight. Adults have a distinctive look with grey upperparts, white underparts with fine barring, and a red eye. Juveniles are browner with a less distinct pattern. They are small raptors, with a size ranging from 26 to 30 cm in length, and exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females being slightly larger than males.

What does a Shikra eat and how does it hunt?

Shikras are adept hunters, primarily feeding on small birds, lizards, insects, and rodents. They employ a surprise tactic, using their stealth and speed to catch prey unawares. Often, they will perch silently and inconspicuously before launching a rapid, direct attack on their unsuspecting target, showcasing their prowess as skilled aerial predators.

Is the Shikra species considered to be at risk?

Currently, the Shikra is not considered to be at risk. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Shikra is listed as a species of Least Concern. This status indicates that the species has a wide distribution and a large global population that does not face any immediate threats of significant decline.

How do Shikras reproduce and raise their young?

Shikras are monogamous birds that build nests high in trees, often reusing the same site year after year. The female typically lays 3 to 7 eggs, which both parents incubate for about 30 days. After hatching, the chicks are cared for by both parents, with the male providing food while the female tends to the nestlings until they fledge around 30 days later.

What is the significance of Shikras in their ecosystems?

Shikras play a crucial role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey. As mid-level predators, they help control populations of small birds, lizards, and insects, thus maintaining a balance within the food web. Their presence also indicates a healthy environment, as raptors are often sensitive to changes in habitat quality and availability of prey.

Discussion Comments

anon227000

Please add habitats and adaptations.

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    • A shikra is also known as a little banded goshawk, a predatory bird native to Africa and Asia.
      By: Steve Byland
      A shikra is also known as a little banded goshawk, a predatory bird native to Africa and Asia.