A potato is a starchy edible tuber native to South America and cultivated all over the world. Potatoes have been domesticated for over 10,000 years, and over one thousand varieties are known, although only a fraction of this number are cultivated commercially. Potatoes play an important role in the culture and history of many South American countries, and were adopted into European cuisine and culture when they were introduced in the 1600s.

Domestication of the wild potato began around 8,000 BCE. Many varieties were cultivated by native people, and the potato quickly became a staple food, along with corn. When explorers first began to visit South America, they were introduced to potatoes, and samples of the crop traveled back to Europe with them. The potato was at first a reluctant introduction to the garden, as the plants are in the nightshade family, along with eggplants and tomatoes. Parts of nightshade plants can be toxic, and European farmers were suspicious at first about the potato. After trial fields grew successfully, however, the potato was a welcome addition to the European diet.

Potatoes are somewhat difficult to grow. They are subject to rot and fungus if not cared for properly, as the Irish learned in 1845. The plants are usually propagated from buds, called eyes, which form on potatoes if they are left in the soil instead of being harvested. Potatoes will also bud in cool dry storage conditions, as cooks who forget about potatoes in storage have learned. The potatoes are cut into pieces and replanted. Potatoes can also grow from seed, depending on the variety. As a general rule, the soil must rest between plantings of potatoes. The plants prefer full sun and light, loose soil which is watered infrequently. Once harvested, potatoes can be stored in a cool dark place for an extended period of time.

Vitamins A and C can be found in abundance in the potato, along with some other vitamins and minerals. The tubers are prepared in a number of ways, but are always eaten cooked. Fried potato products such as French fries and potato cakes are popular in many parts of the world, but potatoes are also baked, roasted, boiled, and stewed. The dense white flesh can be dressed with a number of condiments or eaten plain, depending on personal preference.

When seeking out potatoes in the store, be aware that different types of potatoes are more suitable for different foods than others. Waxy potatoes will retain their shape through cooking, making them good choices for boiling and frying. Starchy potatoes break down, making good mashed potatoes, or flaky baked potatoes.