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What is a Polo Pony?

Jillian Peterson
Jillian Peterson

A polo pony is a term used to refer to the horses used in the sport of polo. The name may be deceiving, but a polo pony is not actually a pony at all. By definition, a pony is any equine under 14.2 hands (4.73 feet or 1.44 meters) in height. The average height for a polo pony is 15.1 hands (5.03 feet or 1.53 meters); it is not unusual, however, to see some above 16 hands (5.33 feet or 1.62 meters) tall. Polo ponies are bred for their speed, agility, courage, and athletic abilities.

Most polo ponies are mixed breed horses. Polo ponies are often crosses between thoroughbreds and horses native to the region of the polo team. In the United States, thoroughbreds are often crossed with Quarter Horses, producing fast moving and agile horses that can maneuver around the field efficiently. Criollo horses native to Argentina have become a popular choice to cross with thoroughbreds in recent years while other areas of the world utilize a vast variety of other breeds.

Quarter horses are often crossed with thoroughbreds to produce polo ponies in the U.S.
Quarter horses are often crossed with thoroughbreds to produce polo ponies in the U.S.

Regardless of the lineage of the ponies, there are aspects of their appearance that typically look the same. In polo, the ponies’ manes are hogged, or cut very short. The tail dock, the part of the tail with the bone, is often trimmed close or shaved, and the length of the tail is typically braided and taped up. The reason for this method of grooming is that long flowing manes and tails are likely to get tangled with the swinging mallets, presenting a safety risk for rider and horse alike. In prior years, the tail sometimes was cut at the base of the dock, but as horses naturally use their tails to swat flies, cutting the length prevented them from defending against bites. The current method of grooming allows the horses use of their tail when not playing the game.

Most polo ponies are mixed breed horses.
Most polo ponies are mixed breed horses.

In addition to grooming, polo ponies typically undergo extensive training to ensure they are fit for the game. An even temperament is an essential trait, as excitable horses can be difficult to control. The average polo pony is five to six years of age at the onset of his career, and without injury, they can remain competitive well into their teens. Polo ponies are typically ridden with one hand on the reins and are taught to respond to their rider’s leg and weight cues for quick maneuvering in the game.

The game of polo consists of two teams, each with four riders and their mounts. Each team attempts to score by passing a wooden or plastic ball through the goal posts at either end of the field. Long mallets are used to drive the balls across the 300-yard (274-meter) lawn. The targeted side of the field changes after each goal to compensate for elemental conditions that may impact the game. The average game of polo has four to six chukkas, or periods, and each chukka lasts seven minutes. Because of the heavy impact this high-speed match has on a polo pony, each rider is assigned more than one mount. Swapping out horses every three to four minutes allows the horses to remain fresh and at the top of their game.

Frequently Asked Questions

What exactly is a polo pony?

A polo pony is a horse specifically trained for the game of polo, known for its agility, speed, and intelligence. Despite the name "pony," these horses are full-sized, often standing between 14.2 and 16 hands. They are typically a mix of Thoroughbred and local breeds, bred for endurance and quick bursts of speed essential in polo matches.

How are polo ponies trained for the sport?

Polo ponies undergo rigorous training to master the quick turns, stops, and sprints required in polo. They learn to respond to subtle rider cues and become accustomed to the mallet and ball. Training often begins at around three years of age and can last for several years to ensure they are fully prepared for the demands of the game.

What are the most common breeds used as polo ponies?

The most common breed used as polo ponies is the Thoroughbred due to their speed and stamina. However, many polo ponies are crossbreeds, with Argentine Criollo, Quarter Horse, and other local breeds contributing to their lineage. The goal is to combine the best traits of speed, agility, and temperament for the sport.

How long is the career of a polo pony?

The career of a polo pony typically spans from about 5 to 15 years of age, depending on the horse's health and ability to perform. With proper care and management, some polo ponies can compete into their late teens, showcasing the longevity of their athletic capabilities in the sport.

What kind of care do polo ponies require?

Polo ponies require meticulous care to maintain their health and performance level. This includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and veterinary check-ups. They also need proper hoof care, grooming, and massage to help with muscle recovery. Their well-being is paramount to their success on the field.

Are there any specific rules in polo regarding the ponies?

Yes, polo has specific rules to ensure the welfare of the ponies. These include regulations on tack and equipment to prevent injury, limits on the number of chukkas a pony can play in a day, and mandatory rest periods. The welfare of the ponies is a top priority in the sport, with strict enforcement of these rules during competitions.

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    • Quarter horses are often crossed with thoroughbreds to produce polo ponies in the U.S.
      By: lichtreflexe
      Quarter horses are often crossed with thoroughbreds to produce polo ponies in the U.S.
    • Most polo ponies are mixed breed horses.
      By: Alexia Khruscheva
      Most polo ponies are mixed breed horses.