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What is a LAN?

R. Kayne
R. Kayne

A local area network (LAN) consists of two or more computers connected together in a building or home using software and hardware. This is contrasted to a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, which covers a large geographic area. In a LAN, there is a main computer or server, and remote computers called clients. By creating this type of network in the home or office, computers on it can share files, resources, and if desired, an Internet connection.

A LAN can be one of two types: wired or wireless. A wired LAN requires Ethernet cable to physically connect all computers on the network to a main device called a switch. The wireless type uses radio waves to communicate, eliminating the need for wires. Therefore, the hardware used in the network should all be of either the wireless or wired type.

A wireless router can be used to set up a LAN.
A wireless router can be used to set up a LAN.

A LAN is fairly easy to setup. All Microsoft operating systems since Windows 98 Special Edition (SE) have included built-in networking software. In terms of hardware, each computer requires a network interface card (NIC). A switch is also required. This is a device that resembles an external modem and directs information on the network. If the LAN will be talking to another network, like the Internet, a router is also required. Luckily, one can purchase an external DSL modem with a built-in switch and router, in wireless or wired configurations.

A wired local area network requires ethernet cables to connect computers to a central device.
A wired local area network requires ethernet cables to connect computers to a central device.

Desktop computers typically use internal NICs that slip into an available slot on the motherboard, while a laptop might use a portable computer (PC) NIC. This type of NIC resembles a thick credit card that can be inserted into the PC card slot on the laptop.

If the LAN is to be hard-wired, each NIC must have an Ethernet port for connecting an Ethernet cable. In a wireless LAN, each NIC might feature a small radio wave antenna. The server is hard-wired to the DSL modem, switch or router, while the clients can communicate wirelessly, if desired. If there is to be no connection to the Internet or any other network, a switch alone will be fine.

Office work spaces often use local area networks to enhance workflow.
Office work spaces often use local area networks to enhance workflow.

Once the local area network has been set up, an administrator can designate which files and programs can be shared on it. Some areas of the server may be kept behind a firewall to prevent access. All traffic on the network, including email, Internet surfing and other activities, can be monitored by the administrator using various tools.

The advantages of a LAN in the office are manifold. By having a central printer, for example, a business can avoid buying individual printers for each workstation. Workflow is enhanced while being easier than ever to control and administer. Flexibility and creativity can also improve. It is often a win-win situation for management and employees alike.

LANS consist of two or more computers connected together.
LANS consist of two or more computers connected together.

A LAN at home is extremely convenient. Share programs, images, music and digital projects, and enjoy gaming. Share a high-end color printer, scanner or other equipment. If concerned about your children’s Internet use, this is one way to supervise online activity.

A hard-wired LAN is more trouble to install, as it requires running a physical Ethernet cable from each client to the DSL, switch or router. However, this type is reliable and secure. A wireless LAN is easier to install and less expensive, but requires a few more steps in the software setup to ensure it is secure. It may also be slower than wired, but this depends on the wireless standard used, as newer standards effectively compete with Ethernet speeds.

Discussion Comments

anon302931

In a typical LAN configuration, what does the file server do?

anon132172

for instances a mining enterprise is a small company with 15 employees. They have just opened shop in a small office complex. They need to install a Lan, because they have an information database that all the employees use, for purpose of payroll, accounting and for the geological information database. Because money is fairly tight, the company decides to spend as little as possible to setup its network.

What network topology would be possible? Can you give me the possible transmission media needed and explain why? thanks for any response.

Jajay Jaya

how can i operate 10 computers at the same time?

and how can i install in these 10 computers any software at same time?

anon52717

What is a WAN? Why does LAN look like that?

Dunno, maybe I am strange :-)

anon18837

should be windows 98 Second Edition (SE)

anon328

I have a wireless Belkin router serving a wireless LAN in my house. The connection seems unreliable. I notice there are 3 open ports on the router, one is connected to my computer. Two other computers in the house have wireless connections. Can I just run a suitable cable from these two computers to the open ports on the router and have a hard wired LAN?

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    • A wireless router can be used to set up a LAN.
      By: lexan
      A wireless router can be used to set up a LAN.
    • A wired local area network requires ethernet cables to connect computers to a central device.
      By: Christa Eder
      A wired local area network requires ethernet cables to connect computers to a central device.
    • Office work spaces often use local area networks to enhance workflow.
      By: 06photo
      Office work spaces often use local area networks to enhance workflow.
    • LANS consist of two or more computers connected together.
      By: panomacc
      LANS consist of two or more computers connected together.
    • LANs can use cables to connect computers or be setup as wireless networks.
      By: George Dolgikh
      LANs can use cables to connect computers or be setup as wireless networks.