A hardware driver is a small bit of code packaged in a file, which tells a computer system how to utilize a piece of hardware. Every component in a computer system requires a hardware driver to function, whether it’s the printer, digital versatile disc (DVD) player, hard disk, or graphics card. Updating a hardware driver can also add new functionality to the component. Mouse drivers, for example, commonly include added features and improved configuration menus with updated drivers.

In the past, each component came with a diskette that included the hardware driver, which had to be installed separately from the hardware. While this is still true in many instances, operating systems like Windows XP include drivers for common components like internal dialup modems, memory sticks, and printers. Some digital cameras and other types of components might also be recognized by Windows XP or other operating systems without requiring a hardware driver to be installed separately.

Sometimes, a component that has been in use for several years might require a new hardware driver to work properly with a new operating system. Other times, bugs in the hardware driver might cause a manufacturer to release a new version. A virus or software glitch might also corrupt an existing hardware driver. For these and other reasons, manufacturers commonly make current drivers freely available through their websites.

If you would like to see whether an updated hardware driver is available for your component, go to the manufacturer’s site and click on a “support” link. This usually leads the way to the “downloads” link. On many sites, the user must navigate through drop-down menus to choose the product and model in question. Finally, a list of any updated drivers should be offered. Read instructions carefully, as there is usually more than one hardware driver listed depending on the operating system or component model.

For inexperienced users, it is probably best to let Windows XP's Wizard install the hardware driver for you. An improperly installed or missing driver will cause the component to stop functioning. Alternately, some manufacturers’ websites might include specific instructions for installing the driver. In that case, it is probably best to follow the website’s instructions. You can also opt to have a technically inclined person help you update your drivers.