What is a Form W-9?

business economy

A Form W-9 (sometimes miswritten as a Form W9) is a document issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for certain taxation purposes. While W-9's aren't filed with the IRS, they should be collected by clients or companies that hire independent contractors, or freelancers. W-9's are also used for earnings received by financial institutions. Employees are not required to fill out a W-9.

A W-9 is used to gather information about the independent contractor. The form requires information as to the freelancer's name, address, and social security or tax payer identification number. A substitute Form W-9 may be developed if it is substantially similar to the actual Form W-9. Check the IRS's instructions for the Form W-9 for more details on this.

The client or company will use the information collected on the W-9, or substitute W-9, to produce a Form 1099 which details the earnings that the independent contractor received from that client that tax year. The Form 1099 is sent to both the independent contractor and the IRS; some states may also require a separate mailing of the 1099 as well.

Unlike the Form W-4, which employees use to authorize an automatic tax withholding from their paychecks, the W-9 does not withhold taxes or social security payments. Independent contractors are solely liable for the full amount of taxes assessed to earned income. Therefore, independent contractors are typically required to submit quarterly estimated tax payments to the IRS and possibly their state tax board as well. The Form 1040-ES is used to submit such quarterly tax payments to the federal government.

The W-9 is only required of independent contractors who are US citizens, US resident aliens, and some other less common categories (e.g., a domestic estate). Non-US independent contractors may be required to fill out a Form W-8 (like the Form W-8BEN) instead of a W-9. This is not always the case. Investors, or freelancers, living in other countries may simply file the W-9, which will provide the employers or financial institution with a way to keep record of their information.

The W-9 also requires a signature, though unlike the W-4, the signature does not have to be witnessed by an employer or client. In most cases, freelancers merely send in a W-9, which can be a copy of the original.

Most employers must only have a record of a W-9 form if the money they will pay to a freelancer exceeds 600 US dollars (USD) yearly. For lesser amounts the form may not be required. W-9's and other tax forms and instructions can be downloaded directly from the IRS's website.

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43
my husband recently passed away. He was an independent agent for a large insurance company. As his widow I am entitled to his renewal commissions, per his contract. The company wants me to sign, notarize and return a W-9 form. Is this the correct way of handling this?
- anon52843
42
anon42325, I am not a professional in this area but what you are proposing may constitute fraud. The insurance was on the home not you, The insurance payment to the roofer was for him to repair the roof. You are putting him in a bad position because he is being paid to do a job that you are asking him not to do. As a owner of a construction company I understand that the roofer would be liable for the repair of the roof once the check from the insurance company is cashed.
- anon51398
41
I rent and work in a loft, should or do I have to fill out a W-9 form at the landlord's request?
- anon49130
40
i am working for a company that never took taxes out before or had me fill out anything. now they're asking me to do a W4 and a W9. i'm ok with the w4 but why a w9? are they going to make me pay back taxes? should i do both of them or just a W4?
- anon47299
39
This might sound a little complicated, but here goes. My home was in foreclosure at the time my husband and I filed an insurance claim. Because the home was in foreclosure the mortgage holder requested that my roofer fill out a W-9 for the repairs. While waiting for our check our home sold in a short sale. The roofer has received the check, but obviously we are not going to do the repairs. The way I look at it, the roofing money is ours. Could I just pay my roofer the taxes due and he could just cut me a check for the rest of the money? Isn't he just liable for the taxes? Will the mortgage holder send him a 1099? -Anon5771
- anon43051
38
I'm seeing a real estate ad and in it, the agent remarks the listing company is asking for the form W-9 to be submitted on behalf of the buyer. It states "W-9 Form required from selling broker with seller acceptance." Why would a seller want to see a W-9 when more importantly the buyer's ability to buy normally is attested to by an approval letter from a Lender? I don't understand the reason a seller would want to see a buyer's past earnings as being the determinant in approving a buyer's request to buy as opposed to a Lender's approval for a home loan. Can anyone explain? Thanks.
- anon42325
37
I work for a non profit organization who also operates thrift stores. We purchase new goods for our thrift stores to sell. Do we need a W-9 from these vendors to purchase from them and sell in our stores. --Mike
- anon39990
36
just need some info as a foreign author selling books in the USA and getting royalties: what form must I fill, W8 or W9?
- infoguy
34
Hi

what forms should I have my workers sign besides the w9 to protect my business.

I have a kiddie train ride at a mall.

Thanks

- dannyboyx1
33
I never had to fill out a w-9 form before for my other job, but this new job is making me fill one out. Can someone tell me in detail, is it a good idea to fill one out or should I speak to my manager about a w-2 form? Does a w-9 form benefit me anyway?
- jaap2521
32
I am currently a nonresident alien with employment authorization. I am awaiting my green card. I started doing contract work for a state health department in June, 2008. When I was initially hired, I did not fill out a W-9 form because I was a nonresident alien. As a result I did not receive a 1099 form for 2008.

What form was I supposed to fill out in order to get a 1099-equivalent for non-resident aliens? What form does a nonresident alien submit to the IRS to report income?

- kathied
31
We are a tax exempt organization. Never have we paid taxes on any donations. We do fill out a 990N each year because we are under the $25,000.00 limit. I have never been requested for a W-9. The instructions are vague when it comes to our status. We do not fit the category. This reverts back to my original question. Are we required to apply for the W-9? and if so, Why? Especially considering we are Tax-exempt.
- Veterans
30
Posted by: anon21115

Right on the W-9 it states: You are considered a person if you are: An individual - a partnership, corporation, company or association formed in the US - an estate or a domestic trust. Lot's of the questions on this forum could be answered simply by reading the documents.

- anon26105
29
Posted by: anon10492

Financial Aid is considered income - therefore you would have to fill out a W-9

- anon26104
28
Anytime you receive income, such as in the way of radio contest winnings, work done for someone that actually hired you and so on - you have to file out a W9.

A W-9 is for the requiring company to generate a 1099 form, which shows how much money (or cash equivalent) was paid to you by them.

If you continue to do work as a sub-contractor for a particular company over a period of time, then you do not have to fill out a new W9 every year. Taxes are not withheld on the W9 - but that income is reported to the IRS. Therefore, when you file out your income tax, you would have to pay taxes on that income.

- anon26103
27
I belong to a non profit veterans organization with a 501-c-19 status. I am promised a donation, but the institution requests a W-9. We are not contractors, nor do we have any employees. We do have a federal tax number.

Is it necessary to supply a W-9 even though we do not match the requirements?

- Veterans
26
Allstate Insurance Company sent my husband a Substitute W-9 form. They want him to sign it and mail it back to them. Why is that? They didn't ask me to sign one and I have auto, home and life insurance also.
- anon25580
24
I rented a home to a vacation rental and they are now asking me for a w9. Although the contract was not signed nor their name was on it do i still have to fill one out? The cashiers checks also did not have her name on it. Who if any should I give a w9 form?
- anon25354
23
I worked as an independent contractor. I was given a w-9 but never turned it in. Now i received a call asking for my soc. sec., address, and complete name so that I could be mailed my 1099 form. Does that mean that I still have to pay the taxes, even though I never signed the w-9?
- anon24215
22
I understand that a W-9 is not for any company which is Incorporated, but what if they are LLC, LP or Sole Proprietor???
- anon21115
21
I am a US citizen but i am a resident in italy.

I opened a bank account in italy that will let me trade stocks and they asked me to do the w-9 form.

Is that correct or should i compile the form w-8?

- giusepp8
20
My husband recently went through a series of interviews with another company. The interviews required travel to/from a city in another state, lodging, etc. He was told that his expenses would be reimbursed. After submitting the expenses, the company asked that he complete a W-9. Should he have to complete this form?
- anon19283
19
My husband and brother co-own a home which we are going to rent. The tenant is getting assistance from a non-profit which has asked us to complete a W-9 form. Do we need to complete 2 forms? Will the non-profit understand to split the rent between the 2 of them? We do plan to become at least an LLc, but have not done this as of yet.

Thank you.

- lorikindler
18
Recently my husband became a Snap-On franchisee. He sells tools to companies and their employees off of his truck. One of the companies requested that he fill out a form W-9. Their employees pick what tools they want to purchase, then the company pays the tool bill. They then bill the employee weekly on their paycheck for the tool purchase. My question is is my husband required to fill out this form? Isn't he just a retailer?
- debberdo
17
Do you need to get a W-9 for rebate payments to dealers that distribute your products?
- anon18503
16
Dhartleigh - I haven't heard about a Form P-1 and don't see anything like it on the IRS's website. If it is your practice to require a W-9 then you should seek that from your vendor. It is a common practice, and it's not asking for too much -- just the vendor's name, contact address, and tax payer id so that you may file the requisite tax files with the IRS come tax time.

SharonG - I don't think you have to request W-9s annually. Only if the information has changed. The form is simply used to get information from the vendor. If that information (tax id number, address, status as a US person) hasn't changed, then there isn't really any reason to get a new W-9 each year.

Gixxer1000 - If someone should have asked for a W-9 before doesn't preclude the fact they need one now. That your father hasn't filled one out before doesn't mean anything with respect to him filling one out now - he should.

- dudla
15
recently inherited some money. attorney for fiduciary company is sending me a w-9. WHY? and do i have to pay inheritance tax?
- lxpa123
Editor's reply: most likely! check out our article, what is an inheritance tax? for more information on the subject!
14
a nonprofit organization is going to pay my school's tuition but they told me to sign W-9 form. do i need to sign? how is it going to affect my yearly income?
- anon11432
13
Why do I need to fill out a w-9 for my Child's financial aid form?
- anon10492
12
my father runs a small business as a landscaper. one of his customers recently sent him a form w9 and said he needed it to complete his tax return, but in the past 5 years this is the first year he has sent my father a w9 to complete. should my father fill it out and mail it back to the customer?
- gixxer1000
11
W-9s are used to provide the company with the information they need to file 1099s for their independent contractors. They aren't filed to the IRS. I don't think you need to submit a new one each year. It's just a formal form to convey the information needed to fill out a 1099. You do need to submit a new one if the company changes names or if you change names, addresses, or other information included on the W-9.
- bigmetal
10
Can someone please clarify with me if a W-9 needs to be requested on a annual basis?
- anon8482
9
Do you have to collect W-9's yearly or once you have them you just keep them on file?
- SharonG
8
My husband has been told to sign a W-9 by his employer and they are holding his W-2 until it is done. We are not too sure about signing anything, because my husband is Not a Freelancer and has never been asked to do so before. Should he sign it or not??
- anon7712
7
My wife and I won a $1500 tv set from a radio show. The show had us complete a W9 form. Do I have to declare this in our taxes and should I be waiting for a 1099 from the radio show for the winnings?
- anon7708
6
When someone gets paid for a job, income taxes (which include Social Security) are generally taken out of each paycheck. When this happens you are really granting an interest free loan to the government - you are paying your taxes before they are really due.

At the end of the year, the accounts are balanced on both sides and the IRS sends you check for the amount you overpaid, or a bill for the amount you underpaid.

The w-9 simply means that you will be getting some income, but taxes won't be taken off the top. IT WILL THEREFORE BE UP TO YOU TO PAY THE TAXES IN FULL AT THE END OF THE YEAR (April 15).

w-9 does not make the taxes more or less than you'd usually pay. W-9 doesn't mean that you don't pay income tax, it just means that you're paying your taxes later. If your primary income is via 1099, you already know this, but it can be a bummer if you're not expecting it - I've frequently paid $6k in taxes in one lump sum in April, which scares people who think they've somehow dodged the tax man. If you have no witholding whatsoever, you risk "late fees" for doing this ($75 last time). On the other hand, you get to invest that money, and can often beat the late fees with investment income, which ironically gets taxed again... the best thing to do is to make a "tax account" and tax yourself at whatever rate you usually pay the IRS in April.

Signing the w-9 early does nothing, really. I guess you might be wary of giving someone your SSN, but chances are good they're just making sure they can process the paperwork to pay you in a timely manner - by itself the form doesn't authorize anything (except make them able to pay you!)

- anon3019
5
I have been asked to sign a W-9 form before agreeing on a contract that would specify what money I would receive for my services. This seems highly unusual to me. Am I right in feeling that the cart is being put before the horse? On many occasions in the past I have been given a contract to sign before a W-9 form was sent to me.
- anon2985
4
I referred a friend to my Apartment complex for which Leasing office will give me a referral money but they asked me to complete the W9 form.Can someone let me know how much the tax percentage will be for such.
- anon2837
3
What does this part mean ???

"Thus, those who freelance must be certain to withhold a portion of their income to avoid large and unwelcome taxes due at the end of a fiscal year. One filing a W-9 with one or more employers should make particularly sure to withhold monies for social security payments on their own."

- anon1325
2
My husband has a life insurance policy we are cashing in. they are asking for a w-9 form from the irs. My question is do we get pentilized like you do if you take money from your 401k?

The form states you are taxed 28%.

Can you advise us what you would do with this.

Thanks

- anon789
1
Can you explain why a person would not want to give a W-9 but sends a P-1 form instead. What is a P-1 form? Our company requires a W-9 from a new vendor that we purchase from and most comply.
- dhartleigh

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Written by Tricia Ellis-Christensen
Last Modified: 17 November 2009

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