A cheese wheel is a wheel or block of cured cheese which is typically still covered in a protective rind. Most cheeses are made in the shape of wheels, with cheese shops cutting out wedges of a cheese wheel when clients request a particular cheese. Some cheese producers also make smaller personal cheese wheels which are designed to be sold whole, rather than chopped up. Some cheese wheels can reach a formidable size, as a glance in the shop window of many cheese shops will show.

It may help to know a bit about the cheesemaking process to understand a cheese wheel. When cheese is made, milk is heated and curdled, with many cheese producers introducing desired bacteria to the cheese during the curdling stage. The curds are tightly packed into large molds which have traditionally been wheel-shaped to make the cheese easier to handle. The first stage of curing is accomplished in the mold, and once the cheese is firm enough, it is removed from the mold and stored on a curing rack in a cave or climate-controlled room to allow the cheese to cure.

Depending on the style of cheese, a cheese wheel may be covered in wax during the curing process to help retard invasion by unwanted bacteria, although it can also be loosely wrapped in cheesecloth or banded with thin strips of wood. Typically, as the cheese cures, it forms a rind which makes up the exterior of the cheese wheel. The rind may be edible, or it may be pared away when people wish to consume the cheese.

The shape of a cheese wheel makes it possible for cheese makers to literally roll their cheeses around to move them. When cheeses weigh hundreds of pounds (kg), maneuverability is a vital characteristic. Cheese may need to be turned or relocated at various stages during the curing process, and it needs to be taken to market eventually.

As long as a cheese remains whole in the form of a cheese wheel, it will continue to cure, and it will resist unwanted visitors like insects and bacteria. In some cases, a cheese wheel can be stored at or close to room temperature, which was useful in eras before refrigeration. Once a cheese wheel is cracked open, however, the clock starts ticking, since the cheese is exposed to the elements. It is important to handle cheese carefully once a cheese wheel has been opened, and to consume it in a timely fashion.

Many cheese wheels are stamped with information about the type of cheese, region of origin, and when the cheese was made. Numerous factors can impact cheese flavor, and many cheese shops like to have this information available for discerning consumers. These consumers might prefer, for example, a November Parmesan to a May Parmesan, since the November cheese may have a more rich and complex flavor.