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What is a Bomber's Moon?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

The term “bomber's moon” refers to a bright full moon which illuminates the Earth almost like daylight. This idiom dates to the Second World War, referencing the idea that pilots used the light of a bomber's moon to zero in on their targets. People who lived through the Second World War, especially veterans who flew in the war, still use this term to refer to an especially bright moon, although it is unfamiliar to many people born in the years after the war.

In the Second World War, targeting equipment for bombs was not very precise. Unlike modern aircraft and weapons, which can be programmed with very accurate geographic coordinates, World War Two-era planes had to be aimed directly at targets. The brighter the lighting conditions, the easier it was for pilots and crews to see potential targets, so the night of a bomber's moon often involved a large number of bombing raids taking advantage of the great conditions.

The bomber's moon is a bright full moon.
The bomber's moon is a bright full moon.

In addition to lighting up the landscape like a searchlight, a bomber's moon also reflects from the surface of bodies of water, making navigation much easier. Pilots can follow the line of a river or look for a distinctive lake to guide themselves to their targets, which was useful in an era when visual navigation was the only way to get around. Some communities in the Second World War would string camouflage across bodies of water in the hopes of concealing them from pilots on the night of a bomber's moon.

A bomber's moon could help a bomber pilot, or work against him.
A bomber's moon could help a bomber pilot, or work against him.

Of course, the bomber's moon could also work against pilots. They could see the ground very well, but people on the ground could also see them, allowing them to target anti-aircraft guns at approaching aircraft. Fighter planes could also be sent up to attack bombers, which tended to be vulnerable since they were sluggish and less maneuverable than fighters. Pilots also appreciated the great visibility because it allowed them to confirm kills in the air, as opposed to murky conditions, which would obscure the fate of a plane after it was shot up in battle.

The B-25 Mitchell could carry 3000 lbs. of bombs.
The B-25 Mitchell could carry 3000 lbs. of bombs.

The German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force both took advantage of the bomber's moon in numerous raids over the holdings of the enemy. Citizens learned to fear the full moon, and many would take shelter in bright conditions before the air raid sirens went off, rightly assuming that bombing was probably going to occur at some point during the night.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a HistoricalIndex researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a HistoricalIndex researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

indigomoth

@Koiwigal - I prefer to think of the full moons by their traditional names, which tend to be prettier than "bomber's moon". The one people know the most is the "harvest moon", which is in the fall, and the "hunter's moon", which is soon afterwards. But, there are others, like the "strawberry moon" in summer, and the "cold moon" in winter.

I don't know them off by heart, I have to look them up online in fact, but I like these older names, which I guess were a kind of calendar for people back in the day.

Hopefully these terms will survive even when "bomber's moon" stops being used.

KoiwiGal

I've heard in one case an entire fake town was set up so that bombers could not find the real town and would think that they had hit their targets. Even in a full bright moon people can be fooled.

It makes me kind of sad actually, that such a beautiful thing as a full moon is associated with such a tragic activity. I suppose it also reeks of adventure and romance, if you don't think about the casualties, but war should always be recognized for all the bad stuff, as well as the heroes.

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    • The bomber's moon is a bright full moon.
      By: Zhanna Ocheret
      The bomber's moon is a bright full moon.
    • A bomber's moon could help a bomber pilot, or work against him.
      By: Luis Louro
      A bomber's moon could help a bomber pilot, or work against him.
    • The B-25 Mitchell could carry 3000 lbs. of bombs.
      By: David Lloyd
      The B-25 Mitchell could carry 3000 lbs. of bombs.
    • During World War II people learned to immediately take cover in bomb shelters at the first sight of a bomber's moon.
      By: Sergey Kamshylin
      During World War II people learned to immediately take cover in bomb shelters at the first sight of a bomber's moon.
    • The development of radar led to bombers, such as the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, that could attack in any weather, day or night.
      By: icholakov
      The development of radar led to bombers, such as the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, that could attack in any weather, day or night.