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What is a Black Mamba?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Black mambas are snakes which are native to Africa; they are more formally known as Dendroaspis polylepis. These African residents are infamous for their extreme speed, lethal venom, and irritability, and they often pop up in books and films about Africa. As a general rule, most people outside of Africa do not encounter black mambas, and wish to keep it that way. In Africa, human-snake encounters tend to go badly.

These snakes are named not for their skin color, but for the color of their mouths. A typical black mamba is gray to olive brown in color, with an inky black mouth which is only seen when the animal strikes. These snakes are the largest in Africa, running around eight feet (over two meters) on average; they are the second largest snakes in the world, surpassed only by the king cobra. In a few instances, a black mamba can reach a length of up to 14 feet (almost five meters).

Black mambas are large lethal snakes native to Africa.
Black mambas are large lethal snakes native to Africa.

The black mamba is also extremely fast, although the snakes generally move quickly to avoid predators, rather than to strike prey. When they strike, black mambas rely on their lethal venom, which contains both a neurotoxin and a cardiotoxin, to paralyze their victims. The snakes have been known to strike with minimal provocation, and are sometimes characterized as aggressive, although tales of mambas trailing people for long distances are probably a bit exaggerated.

Only the king cobra is larger than the black mamba.
Only the king cobra is larger than the black mamba.

An adult black mamba nests underground in a small burrow or abandoned animal hole. Mambas are diurnal, sleeping at night and remaining active during the day unless extreme heat drives them underground. The snakes tend to prefer grassland and bush, although a black mamba is also perfectly capable of climbing a tree, as their scientific name suggests: dendroaspis means “tree snake.” When a black mamba breeds, the female produces a small clutch of eggs which hatches into pale gray juveniles; the young snakes are vulnerable to mongooses and birds when they are very young, but they are perfectly capable of catching their own prey.

The venom from a black mamba snake can be lethal to humans.
The venom from a black mamba snake can be lethal to humans.

For humans, the black mamba is a formidable enemy. One injection of venom from an adult snake is enough to kill a human being in under an hour if antivenom is not administered. In the event that someone is bitten by a black mamba, the best course of action is to have someone run for medical assistance and tourniquet the affected limb.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Black Mamba?

A tourniquet should be used on the affected limb in the event of a bite from a black mamba snake.
A tourniquet should be used on the affected limb in the event of a bite from a black mamba snake.

The Black Mamba is a highly venomous snake native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Known scientifically as 'Dendroaspis polylepis', it is one of the continent's most feared snakes due to its potent venom, fast-acting toxins, and aggressive nature when threatened. Despite its name, its skin color varies from grey to dark brown, not black.

How venomous is the Black Mamba?

The Black Mamba's venom is extremely potent, containing neurotoxins that can cause paralysis and halt breathing. Without antivenom, the mortality rate from a Black Mamba bite is nearly 100%. A single bite can deliver up to 100-120 milligrams of venom, with only 10-15 milligrams being enough to be fatal to a human.

How fast can a Black Mamba move?

The Black Mamba is renowned for its speed, making it the fastest land snake in the world. It can slither at speeds of up to 12.5 miles per hour (20 kilometers per hour), allowing it to escape threats quickly and efficiently. This speed also aids in hunting prey and striking with lethal precision.

What is the Black Mamba's habitat?

Black Mambas are typically found in a variety of habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, including savannas, rocky hills, and forests. They prefer areas with sufficient cover and warmth, such as termite mounds or hollow tree trunks, where they can hide and regulate their body temperature effectively.

What do Black Mambas eat?

Black Mambas are carnivorous and primarily feed on small mammals and birds. They use their incredible speed and stealth to ambush prey, delivering a quick and potent bite before the venom takes effect. They have also been known to consume other snakes and even small reptiles.

How long do Black Mambas live?

In the wild, Black Mambas can live up to 11 years, but in captivity, with the absence of predators and regular access to food, they can live longer. Their lifespan is also influenced by environmental factors and the availability of prey within their habitat.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllThingsNature researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a AllThingsNature researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

Grivusangel
A news story several years back said a teenage boy had somehow managed to keep a gaboon viper and a black mamba in his house and both snakes escaped. Not surprisingly, the neighbors were pretty upset when the news got out, but no trace of either serpent was ever found. I don't know if the kid lied (a good possibility), or if it was just too cold for the snakes to survive.

I guess I was just stunned that anyone could simply go online and purchase severely deadly snakes without a permit, and not even be 18!

Wisedly33

Antivenin has been available for black mamba bites for a good many years and has, fortunately, greatly reduced the incidence of fatalities from a mamba bite.

I saw a site online by this guy who actually kept one (he was a professional), and he had pictures. Those things are fearsome. He talked about all the preparation he had to do to keep it safely, and how having a hide box inside the enclosure was a necessity when he had to clean the cage and so forth. I wouldn't do it, that's for sure!

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    • Black mambas are large lethal snakes native to Africa.
      By: Ruslan Olinchuk
      Black mambas are large lethal snakes native to Africa.
    • Only the king cobra is larger than the black mamba.
      By: Taboga
      Only the king cobra is larger than the black mamba.
    • The venom from a black mamba snake can be lethal to humans.
      By: ronstik
      The venom from a black mamba snake can be lethal to humans.
    • A tourniquet should be used on the affected limb in the event of a bite from a black mamba snake.
      By: Remus Moise
      A tourniquet should be used on the affected limb in the event of a bite from a black mamba snake.