A biloma or biliary cyst is a collection of bile inside the abdomen which has become encapsulated with epithelial cells. There are a number of situations which can contribute to the formation of a biloma, and there are several treatment options available, depending on the location, size, and severity of the cyst. Symptoms associated with a biliary cyst can vary, with some patients experiencing issues like abdominal pain and tenderness or symptoms such as fever and confusion, if the cyst becomes infected.

Bile, a fluid produced in the liver, plays a role in the digestive process. Two common reasons for a biloma to form include damage to the liver and problems with the bile duct. These deposits can also form after gall bladder removal. The biloma can be identified with the use of ultrasound imaging of the abdomen, in which the deposit of bile will clearly show up in the image. Imaging can be used to assess the biloma to determine whether or not action needs to be taken.

In some cases, a biloma will resolve on its own, with the body gradually reabsorbing the contents. In other instances, a biloma may require drainage. Drainage is necessary with big bilomas which the body cannot clear on its own, or when the cyst becomes infected. If infection occurs, drainage will be accompanied by flushing to make sure that all of the infected material has been cleared. A drain may also be left in, depending on the circumstances, so that it can drain while it heals.

If it becomes necessary to drain a biloma, the use of antibiotics to prevent or deal with infection may be recommended. These drugs can address the growth of microorganisms which may take advantage of the biloma to gain a foothold in the body. Antiinflammatory drugs can also be prescribed to address inflammation and swelling which may cause discomfort for the patient. The patient may also be advised to rest while the biliary cyst heals.

People who are at risk for bilomas include individuals with liver damage or people who have had a cholecystectomy procedure. These patients are usually monitored for signs of complications, including bilomas, which allow doctors to catch the complications early before they develop into a serious medical problem. This is one important reason to make and keep follow up appointments, as medical issues may not generate symptoms in their early stages, so a patient may feel healthy, but be in need of treatment.