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What is a 4G Wireless Network?

Mary Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth

The Fourth-Generation Communications System, also known as the 4G wireless network, follows 3G and 2G as the next stage of the worldwide system of wireless communications. There are actually two separate types of 4G wireless network being developed and deployed around the world. One, Long Term Evolution, abbreviated LTE, first became publicly available in December 2009 in the cities of Oslo, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden. LTE is slated to complete deployment in 2012–2015. The other type, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), has already been rolling out for some time and in April 2010, over 148 countries already had 568 fixed and mobile WiMAX networks, and the numbers continue to grow, sometimes daily.

Although LTE is called “4G,” debates go on about whether the term is appropriate for it. The technology as it existed on first operation is defined by the 3G Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8 specification and complies with International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) standards for 3G, rather than IMT-Advanced standards for 4th generation systems. LTE Advanced was submitted to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) for approval under the IMT-Advanced standard in 2009. Both Verizon Wireless and AT&T plan to migrate to LTE.

Some tablets use 4G mobile technology.
Some tablets use 4G mobile technology.

WiMAX is a 4G wireless network based on two standards. It draws both on the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.16 Working Group standard, as well as the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) HiperMAN group. WiMAX is using two profiles: 802.16d and 802.16e, and as of April 2010 had the largest number of networks in service in Europe, with a proportionally large number in Central America and fewer in the United States. The majority of networks in service are using 3.5 GHz frequency, with others at 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5GHz, and more than 5 GHz.

Cell phone companies frequently update their towers to keep up with the latest technology.
Cell phone companies frequently update their towers to keep up with the latest technology.

As of April 2010, WiMAX is being made available worldwide by a number of suppliers with varying numbers of networks. Alvarion has the most with 55 active networks. ZTE has 28 networks in service, while Motorola, Cisco, and Redline Communications all have 4G wireless networks numbering in the upper teens. A number of companies have a single active network, thus far. There are currently 23 active WiMAX networks in the United States, but Sprint Nextel, which has no active networks yet, has announced plans to use WiMAX for its 4G wireless network.

Mary Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth

Mary Elizabeth is passionate about reading, writing, and research, and has a penchant for correcting misinformation on the Internet. In addition to contributing articles to WiseGEEK about art, literature, and music, Mary Elizabeth is a teacher, composer, and author. She has a B.A. from the University of Chicago’s writing program and an M.A. from the University of Vermont, and she has written books, study guides, and teacher materials on language and literature, as well as music composition content for Sibelius Software.

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Mary Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth

Mary Elizabeth is passionate about reading, writing, and research, and has a penchant for correcting misinformation on the Internet. In addition to contributing articles to WiseGEEK about art, literature, and music, Mary Elizabeth is a teacher, composer, and author. She has a B.A. from the University of Chicago’s writing program and an M.A. from the University of Vermont, and she has written books, study guides, and teacher materials on language and literature, as well as music composition content for Sibelius Software.

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Discussion Comments

Vincenzo

A major problem with all of this "4G" and "3G" talk is that it does not mean a whole to consumers looking for fast connections. There isn't a whole lot in the way of standards when it comes to 4G in terms of speed. Someone with a smartphone just wants a fast network, and terms like "4G" aren't standardized enough to let a consumer know how fast that network will be.

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    • Some tablets use 4G mobile technology.
      By: m.schuckart
      Some tablets use 4G mobile technology.
    • Cell phone companies frequently update their towers to keep up with the latest technology.
      By: Tonanakan
      Cell phone companies frequently update their towers to keep up with the latest technology.