An immunologist is a medical specialist who works with the immune system. The branch of medical science that this individual works in is known as immunology. This is the study of the system in the body which is responsible for protecting it from infection and disease.

The field of immunology requires an understanding of a variety of scientific fields. Chief among them are biology and chemistry. A Ph.D. or M.D. is required to become an immunologist. The specific degree required depends upon the area of work. The American Board of Allergy and Immunology provides certification as the last step to becoming an immunologist.

When one talks about an immunologist, he is usually thinking of the specialist who works in hospitals and medical offices, treating patients. This type of doctor holds a medical degree as either a general practice physician or pediatrician. He also has specialized training in immunology. This immunologist will typically treat patients with auto immune disorders or complicated allergies.

Allergic reactions of all types fall under the specialty of immunology. Patients may experience respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal discomfort, or skin rashes. Allergies exist for everything from drugs and food to environmental factors such as pollen or even the sun.

Not all immunologists treat patients directly. Some immunologists focus on scientific research. These professionals direct their attention toward finding new treatments for various disorders of the immune system. They also perform continuing research to better understand this part of the body. A scientific researcher will work primarily within a laboratory setting.

An immunologist may also choose to split his work between hands-on practice and research. This individual would spend part of his time in a laboratory performing research, and continue to put his research into practice by treating patients. This individual would likely specialize in a very specific area of immunology rather than working with all types of immunological disorders.

Scientific researchers must have an in-depth understanding of their area of study. A medical degree is not required for immunologists who do not work directly with patients. These researchers are required to have a Ph.D. in their field.

A third option for immunologists is a career in education. As a college instructor, an immunologist can educate the next generation of scientific researchers and immunological specialists. Those who are interested in teaching should have strong communication skills and the ability to share their knowledge clearly and effectively with others. This job requires either a Ph.D. or an M.D.