Pregnant women commonly experience pelvic pressure. The primary cause of pelvic pressure in pregnancy is the enlargement of the uterus. As the fetus enlarges, so does the uterus, leading to pressure on the surrounding structures. The second major cause of pelvic pressure in pregnancy is the stretching of the various pelvic ligaments that suspend the female reproductive organs and keep pelvic bones together. Other causes of pelvic pain in pregnancy include compression of nerves and diminished circulation.

The experience of pelvic pressure in pregnancy is mainly due to the enlargement of the uterus. A pregnant or gravid uterus reaches the level of the pubic bone by the 12^th week of gestation. By the 20^th week, it reaches the umbilicus, and by the 36^th week, it reaches the lowermost portion of the sternal bone. As a consequence of fetal and uterine growth, the highest degree of pelvic pressure is experienced during the third trimester. Other consequences include the compression of nerves and diminished lymphatic and blood circulation to the lower extremities.

Another major cause of pelvic pressure in pregnancy is the softening and stretching of ligaments. Ligaments connect the pubic symphysis as well as the left and right sacroiliac joints. To accommodate the growth of the baby, the ligaments of the mother become more lax. One factor that causes ligamentous laxity is the relaxin hormone, which also produces effects such as collagen remodeling and increased elasticity of the surrounding pelvic muscles, tendons, and tissues. A condition called pelvic girdle pain, also called pelvic joint syndrome, posterior pelvic pain, symphysis pubis dysfunction, or physiologic pelvic girdle relaxation, is rooted in ligamentous laxity and joint instability in pregnancy.

It is important to address pelvic pressure in pregnancy because pelvic pain and pressure can significantly impact a woman’s psychosocial dimension. For instance, a pregnant woman may have to take a sick leave from 7 to 12 weeks because of pelvic girdle pain. Pelvic pressure may also lead to higher stress levels, anxiety, and depression. Symptomatic relief is necessary for pelvic pressure.

Symptomatic relief for pelvic pressure in pregnancy may be gained by performing abdominal and back muscle stretching exercises, swimming, and walking. Maintenance of proper posture is likewise important. Some women benefit from placing alternate warm and cold compresses on the areas of pressure. If the pelvic pressure is not relieved by these interventions, a consultation with a physician is important.