A miscarriage is the spontaneous abortion of an unborn child prior to the 20th week of pregnancy. Causes for a miscarriage are numerous. Frequently, miscarriages occur before the 12th week of pregnancy, and about 20-30% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. Some miscarriages occur so early that the pregnant woman may not even notice she has been pregnant. These tend to occur in the first two to three weeks of a pregnancy, and usually are due to the lack of the embryo to implant. In other cases, there is no embryo, and the resultant miscarriage is early, but is not the loss of child, though it may still be an emotionally difficult time for parents.
Miscarriages are not caused by working, engaging in sexual intercourse, or by exercising. In some cases, those with past miscarriages may be asked to refrain from such to increase the likelihood of a pregnancy reaching term. Yet in most cases, these normal behaviors have no effect whatsoever on the developing child.
Miscarriages can also be caused by genetic abnormalities so severe that life is not sustainable in utero. Failure for an embryo to form a functioning heart or brain due to genetic misfiring usually means fetal death. Often these abnormalities are not the result of known genetic causes in the parents. Conception and formation of a child is a hugely complex process from a genetic standpoint. Genes must come together, specialize and then dictate all the processes that will create a person. In some cases, genes make mistakes, and the result can be a miscarriage.
There are some genetic disorders that may be carried by both parents, or one parent recessively, which can cause severe malformations and miscarriages. When a woman has had more than two miscarriages, obstetricians will often refer the couple to a genetic counselor to rule out a genetic cause.
Another cause of miscarriage is malformation or scarring of the uterus, which results in the inability for the unborn child to properly grow. If more than one miscarriage has occurred, and there have been no full-term pregnancies, resulting in a live birth, the obstetrician may perform examinations like ultrasounds to see if the uterus is properly formed. In severe cases, this may be determined by a regular examination. Often, however, ultrasounds, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed to rule out uterine malformation, and may show a surgically correctable problem.
Some diseases may also cause miscarriage. Exposure to measles for a woman who is not immune can cause either miscarriages or severe malformation of an unborn child. Frequently, now, a woman who wants to get pregnant has her immunity tested to determine whether she needs to be re-vaccinated for measles. If a new vaccination is required, the woman may have to wait a few months before trying to get pregnant.
Chronic illnesses like diabetes and lupus have also been indicated in higher risk of miscarriage. Diabetes that is well controlled by medication carries a lower risk, but when the disease is uncontrolled the rate of both miscarriage and birth defects significantly escalates. Lupus, an autoimmune disorder, can create a situation where normal cells that control immunity do not distinguish between germs and the body’s organs. This may cause the cells to attack the growing embryo, rendering it non-sustainable.
Further risk factors are smoking during pregnancy, using certain medications contraindicated during pregnancy, and use of illegal drugs. In most cases however, there is no identifiable cause, and women often feel mistakenly guilty for “causing” a miscarriage. Guilt is often worse because women experiencing a miscarriage are at the same risk for postpartum depression as women who have had a complete pregnancy resulting in a healthy child. Both loss and guilt, however, are reasons enough to feel depressed and may be exacerbated by the loss of pregnancy hormones.
Since there are such a high number of miscarriages, a first miscarriage may not be cause for investigation, particularly if it takes place prior to the 12th week of pregnancy. Miscarriages taking place closer to the 20th week are more suspect, and an obstetrician may want to initiate testing to discover potential causes. More than two miscarriages usually call for investigation to help prevent future lost pregnancies.
Sadly, last february I suffered a miscarriage. I was nine and a half weeks pregnant. I have a beautiful daughter aged six. Although I have been blessed with a beautiful child, experiencing a miscarriage was one of the toughest things I have ever been through.
I am now seven weeks pregnant and extremely worried I may miscarry again. I don't think any woman is really at peace during their pregnancy until they are holding their child safely in their arms.
My heart truly goes out to you who have suffered a miscarriage, especially repeated miscarriages.
I would like to take this opportunity to finally add, those of you who are stating they are too young to be pregnant and want rid of their babies, should be ashamed of yourselves. I am sorry to sound harsh but I had my first child at eighteen under very difficult circumstances. Although at times I found things very difficult my daughter has made me the person I am today. Children are little miracles, they are gifts and they should be treasured and 'protected' at all costs.
- anon64629
45
in 2008 december i started spotting early in the morning and later that evening I had very severe pains in my stomach for hours and then i took pain killers for the pains.
after a while i started cramping for the whole night and the following day i started bleeding heavily like never before. i am not sure if i had a miscarriage because i never went to a doctor as i thought it was period pains.
a month later i went to the doctor for severe period pains and he said i had lost a lot of blood and also had an infection in my tubes. my boyfriend and i have been trying to have a baby for two years now. i went for HSG and found out i had blocked tubes. did i suffer a miscarriage?
- anon61050
44
To the person who wants to "naturally" cause a miscarriage- that is called an abortion, known by many as murder-- to take an innocent life because you're not ready for the responsibilities that come with sex. A miscarriage is something a mother does not want to happen. Look at all these women yearning for a successful pregnancy!
You should really reevaluate your moral values and not be having sex at 16 if you're not ready to handle the responsibilities that come afterward. Sorry to get on my soapbox, people, it is just too frustrating when people view a blessing as a curse. Good luck and great strength to all of you trying to have children!
- anon60522
43
i'm 20 and the week of christmas i found out i was pregnant. my first doctor's appointment was jan. 4 and i found out i'm three months pregnant. who i'm pregnant by of course don't want me to have the baby because he said he doesn't want to have to go through life knowing that his child was a mistake.
he offered to pay for an abortion but i can't live my life knowing that i killed somebody who did not ask to be here. he doesn't care he just doesn't want to have a baby right now. i know we are both young but we weren't thinking about that when were having sex.
now he's hoping for a miscarriage and i feel so bad because I'm kind of hoping for one too, just so i won't have to deal with him nagging in my ear everyday about trying to get rid of it.
i try not to cry but it's hard knowing that I'm thinking about it just as much as he is. if i try to kill this baby i know i might kill myself too, because once you kill a baby, you might as well not live either.
- anon59121
42
I am 21 years old and today was supposed to be a very special day for myself and boyfriend. We had a doctor's appointment to hear the baby's heartbeat.
I would be 12 and a half weeks along, when she tried finding the heartbeat with the doppler, but there was nothing. So she went to the ultrasound. She was quiet a moment then said that she found the baby but didn't have good news. There wasn't a heartbeat. My midwife then proceeded to get the doctor.
i did a second ultrasound and the moment she showed me the baby i cried. i had had an ultrasound at seven weeks and when i saw the little pulsating of the heartbeat i was filled with joy, but seeing your baby on the screen with no life to it breaks your heart. my baby measured at eight weeks. I had lost it two weeks ago. They were not sure what may have happened. They mentioned it could be from a chromosomal defect.
Now I'm waiting to go and have a D & C done. i feel so empty inside, and scared for any future pregnancies.
- anon57269
41
i had a miscarriage when i was about four weeks along in june. i got pregnant by a bloke i love so much but he has four kids and two of them are with the partner he is with now.
when i told him he didn't seem yo be bothered and i was so upset about it. i was so anxious just to take my own life. i moved on from it after a while, even though it was still in the back of my mind and found out he had got another girl pregnant.
She is about six months gone now and i have just found out i am pregnant again with his child and i am nearly eight weeks, but i am so scared of losing this child it is unbearable. He is being supportive about it even though it was wrong to be having sex with him when he has a partner already but i think to myself and it seems to me that he wishes that i would have a miscarriage because i don't think he will be too bothered about it as this will be his sixth child.
But i will be distraught as this is my first and i can't take the pain of losing another child.
- anon55356
40
I am 20 years old and married - my husband and i had a miscarriage in march 2008 (blighted ovum). i was 14 weeks when i went into a mini labour and had to birth out the placenta.
we decided to try for a baby the second time as the first was unplanned and i unfortunately miscarried that one in september, when I was five weeks and six days.
i did not want to go through another miscarriage again, ever, as the first one was too devastating! Unfortunately i have and it's left me feeling numb and envious towards other women who have babies. i think what makes it harder is that a lot of my friends and family members have been having babies, and are pregnant, so i am surrounded by it every day. it's right in my face and I'm so upset! i am too scared of getting pregnant again, even though i want a baby more than anything, because i do not want to give myself the chance of it happening a third time!
so i need your suggestions on what you think is right for me, as i cannot talk to anyone else i know. nobody understands because this has not happened to them before. thanks
- dangazz
37
i'm almost 12 weeks pregnant. i feel terrible, and hoping to have a miscarriage but i feel that i am a terrible person and that my baby could feel that i don't want it anymore. i think i am too young and not prepare yet. :(
- anon50851
36
Hi I'm about nine weeks pregnant and I do not want a baby. I have four children and my husband has two from a previous relationship. I'm 40 years old and I have no desire to have another baby. My problem is that my husband really wants to have another baby. I can't even say the word abortion around him. I am extremely depressed and he doesn't even notice. I find myself hoping that I will miscarry. I'm a terrible person!
- anon50089
35
hello im sorry for all of your losses, but i would like to ask for some advice. this is my situation. the doctor said that according to my last period i was about 9 weeks, so at that time i had my first ultrasound and the baby didn't have a heart beat and that it stopped growing at 7 weeks. The doctor has recommended I wait and let it miscarry on its own but that was two weeks ago and still no sign, and according to the doctor the baby has been without a life inside me for a month. i just don't know what to do should i get a d&c or should i just wait naturally? i just don't want to get an infection or anything. is it ok to wait? i would rather have it done naturally but the only thing that has me worried is i don't want an infection. please, does anybody have any advice? this was my first baby and I was very devastated about it. thank you.
- anon48016
34
I went to the doctor to get a depo provera shot, but i did not take a pregnancy test. He just gave me a shot. After a month and a half, i started bleeding for 30 days with cramping and sometimes blood clots. I went to see the doctor and he thinks i might have had a miscarriage. He said my uterus is bigger than normal. I took a pregnancy test and it was negative, but i never saw a baby. He gave me antibiotics. Should i get a second opinion, or what should i do?
- dopey322
32
i am 6 weeks pregnant with my first child and desperately terrified of losing it to a misscarriage, so as soon as i found out i went to the doctor and asked them what i could do to maximize my chances of keeping the baby healthy. one of the main points they stressed on to me was take prenatal vitamins -- before conception, during the pregnancy, and after you deliver. another theing they suggested was resting a lot, and keeping yourslef as calm as possible, as stress can be bad for the baby, and to eat colorful meals (lean meat; no fish!, dairy, but no soft cheese like feta and bleu, veggies, fruits and whole grains). other than that it is all up to God and your body.
- anon47371
31
I had a miscarriage in february at age 20. My baby would have been due in three weeks. I was nine weeks in gestation, the father was a friend i slept with at christmas. He doesn't seem to have been affected, he has three other children. I've always wanted children, and although the pregnancy was unplanned, it hit me so hard, i lost my job. And every time i see a baby, i have to fight back the tears. I've felt suicidal for months. I need help.
- anon43730
Editor's reply: Please consult a mental health professional to help you cope with your loss. Please also accept the condolences of the wiseGEEK team.
30
When I was 18, I had an abortion. Then six months later, I found out I was pregnant again. I had my daughter. After having her I had two more abortions (which i really regret). Now (two years later) I am trying to have a baby. I had a miscarriage eight months ago and now i am pregnant again, and I am spotting. i think i am going to have another miscarriage. When I had the abortions it said i would have no problems having children in the future. i wish i would have *never* had them! I think my body is fighting the baby as a "learned reaction". What can i do?
- anon43413
29
i have gone through five miscarriages. In two of them i got as far as five months (20 weeks). i have had all types of tests done on me and the doctor can't find any reason why i am having them. i have done everything i could do to be heathy and in shape. My husband and I have been trying for four years and no luck yet. people tell us we have time but i don't feel like i do, and after going through so many it puts a strain on my body. my doctor always sends me home and tells me it's best for my body to do it on its own. so everytime i suffer at home with nothing. i've lost my job over it because i get so sick every time. i really don't know what to do any more.
- juliaann
28
For those of you who are suffering from "unexplained recurrent miscarriages", please look into prednisone (if in the USA) or prednisolone (overseas) as treatment. Prednisone is used to suppress your immune system so that it will not attack your pregnancies as a "foreign invader". I had 5 "unexplained" miscarriages that all occurred at around 5 weeks 6 days gestation. With this pregnancy, I took 20mg of prednisone from the first day of a positive pregnancy test until 10 weeks gestation. Then I took 10mg up until week 11, and then 5mg up until week 12. You stop the prednisone at 12 weeks. I am now 6 months pregnant. I based this protocol on Dr. Quenby's study from England. Type in "prednisolone" and "miscarriages" on the internet. Find her study on the internet, print it out, and bring it to your doctor. I hope this helps someone. Best of luck!
- anon42764
27
i have had two miscarriages in five months and am only 18. is there a reason? can anyone help?
- anon42513
26
hi my name is tim. my girlfriend got pregnant at 16 the first time and had lost it. She got mad at me. i feel like crap about it. he (i was hoping for a boy) was going to be the pride and joy of our lives but i ruined that. but she is pregnant again but instead of gaining weight, she is losing it. I don't know what to do if she had another miscarriage or its part of being pregnant.
- anon41852
24
I am nine weeks pregnant and have been spotting for three days and now I am actaully bleeding and I don't know what to do I think it might be miscarriage. this would be my third child.
- anon39407
23
i was woken up this morning with bad stomach cramps. I had the contraceptive implant inserted last week and although the nurse gave me a pregnancy test beforehand, i'm concerned that i may have been very newly pregnant because i think i miscarried this morning. it was my first period in roughly 5 weeks and there weas a thick tissue like blob in my knickers' I'm wondering whether the implant may have caused me to miscarry. anyone know anything? I'm really worried!
- anon39376
22
My wife had 5 miscarriages. she's 34 years old. the doctor says that it may be a genetic problem. we dont know if there are any chances to have a child with this problem.
did anyone has solved a genetic problem? if anyone knows anything please tells us.
- anon36834
21
i just had a miscarriage today. i thought i was pregnant and having morning sickness for a few days so i took a preg test and it was *negative* then the next day i got my period... well it wasnt my period... i pulled my tampon out and there was a huge "clot" stuck to it. it was weird so i looked at it... and it was a baby. about 4 inches long, eyes, spinal cord... i cant stop crying i dont know what to do.
- anon36651
20
I was just wondering if there's any way you can cause a miscarriage on purpose? My cousin is 16 and believes she is pregnant, but does not have the money for an abortion and instead of having the baby and giving it up for adoption, she is trying to get rid of it semi-naturally before it develops too much. Does anyone have information on this?
- anon34112
19
I had to have a hysterectomy when I was 23. I had severe endometriosis. I had a total of 3 miscarragies. No children and every night I have nightmares about the fact I can never be a mother.
- anon29785
18
I'm 22 years old and have had 4 miscarriages. My husband and I had 3 miscarriages between 15 and 17 weeks. The time we were pregnant we were so excited we thought everything was going great. My obgyn had put me on blood thinners. At 22 weeks i had a quad screen done and was sent to the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospital we had our little girl had passed away. Her skull didn't form correctly.
My heart does out to each and every one of you. I know the feeling of losing children. It's by far the worst experience of my life.
- anon27840
17
Hi to everyone. I just want to say my heart goes out to each and every one of you.
I can't say i know how you all are feeling, but i can say that u are not to blame. Just keep hope and faith and u will get that wonderful blessing that u all have been hoping and waiting for. I am 28 weeks pregnant and all through my mind is the thought of miscarrying. That's why i pray for my little one every day. Because of that, i know he will be safe. I have the lord and He has been protecting him all along.
I just cant wait till all of this is over. Just be patient & your time will come. Trust me. Just have faith and pray for your blessing and it will come to you right before your eyes.
- anon26005
16
I'm 16, i had a miscarriage 3 months ago. After i went to the hospital and my obgyn and told them i had been bleeding heavily they ran tests told me everything was going to be fine. That night had excruciating pains. I woke up 12:19 a.m. to find my pants were soaked and not with blood. The amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby, i went to the bathroom and blood just came pouring out and i was clotting at the same time, and then i seen the baby hanging. I grabbed toilet paper took it and placed it on the rug. It was the worst thing i ever encountered my baby lying before me, dead. Helpless, and to know i couldn't do anything for it. It was about 3 or 4 inches, tiny head, arms, and legs. I was so depressed it hurt so bad to know it was gone. I felt empty and til this day i miss it more than ever, even though the morning sickness and all the symptoms sucked. I would do it all over just to have it back.
- anon24249
15
Hi. My name is Kuuipo and I just had my first miscarriage. A little over a year ago I had an abortion since a family member told me it would be the smartest thing to do. and it really affected me still to this day. the father and i were not together since it was an abusive relationship. then i started dating another person and i became pregnant again. i told him when i found out i was pregnant and he was overjoyed even though we are both 19. but about 2 weeks later he left me because he said that 'he needed to live his life' and said that if i wanted to stay with him then i would have to get an abortion. since the first time it hurt too much and i was still affected by it i told him no and we parted ways. then within the last month i have been having cramps on and off and since i live with my parents again but they did not know i was pregnant i did not tell them. then about 3 days ago i started spotting then having it get heavier and heavier. then the day before yesterday i was in the bathroom and all of a sudden i started bleeding tremendously. to the point of where i was actually about to tell my parents. and i was in the bathroom for about an hour and the blood would not stop. and i was having extreme pain and clotting and then what i thought was a clot came out but it was lighter then the rest and i know this is odd but i picked it up from the toilet and could see two rows of teeth in what was to be the head of the fetus. and today i was still having pain but it just now hit me i did lose the baby i was planning on keeping. and now i just feel so lonely inside. and feel that i brought this on myself.
- kuuipolee
14
I am 41 years old.I have had three miscarriages within the last one year and the causes of them all are blighted ovum. What is the cause of Blighted ovum? Is it possible to have a full term pregnancy and have a normal child delivered after series of miscarriages? What can one do to reduce or avoid miscarriage?
- anon19670
Editor's reply: Sorry to hear about your struggle to get pregnant. Our article, "What is a Blighted Ovum?", may offer some help. Best of luck!
13
I had one miscarriage, in April of this year this was my first miscarriage/child. I am 38 years old. My doctor told me that the cause of this is because I have a short cervix which caused me to lose the baby. I am now pregnant again and they are going to do a cerclage where they stitch the cervix to hold the baby in for up to 37 weeks. I don't know if you want to check with your doctor for the possibility of what I have. JG.
- anon15588
12
i have just suffered my 2nd miscarriage. i feel like its the end of the world for me because am a baby lover and my husband too. we are going through so much sadness at the house. should we go get some tests done or try one more time. am 26 yrs old. please advice
jen
- ndjennifer
Editor's reply: don't hesitate to talk with your doctor about your concerns! some doctors are more aggressive than others when dealing with fertility issues, so find a doctor who is willing to give you a complete fertility work up. good luck!
10
I also am having back pains. I had a miscarriage when I was 16. My boyfriend left me when I found out and went to another girl. Then I found out it wasn't a girl, it was a boy.
Sincerely,
LeAnn
- anon10394
9
Summerishere
I'm 5 weeks pregnant for the first time, and miscarriage weighs heavily at the back of my mind. I'm 37 years old.
With some encouraging advise from my good friend, I've been reading and eating nutrient rich diets for pregnancy and healthy baby. I'm following a lot of the advise in there to build my body to be a healthy incubator for the embryo. I hope this helps.
- anon9794
8
i just had my miscarriage 2 weeks ago. it was at night, i felt nothing i just fainted to a 1.5 metre point to the ground. the doctors don't know how that happened as i never experienced any pains or dizziness before my incident. i can't get over the pain as my boyfriend thinks that i had made an abortion. i can't blame him though, as i have discussed with him that i'll do an abortion prior to my incident. can you please help i can't find a way to get over the pain of losing my first born baby, and also the fact that my long time boyfriend is unable to believe nor support me on the pain i'm feeling. my boyfriend is 31 years old and had never had a child until now. he was looking forward to having this baby.
- anon9001
7
Hi nat, i read your post and i am feeling your pain, i have been trying for sixteen years to have a baby. i am now 40 and my last miscarriage was two weeks ago, i have gotten pregnant five times in sixteen years, my husband is very supportive but i feel so much of a failure when ever i look at my husband, it hurts. Sometimes i wish i was not born, all our friends and family are parents now, this is even more painful for us. My doctor is telling us do not give up keep trying. Well i will until god says that's all the time i have got.
Sharon trinidad west indies
- anon6021
6
Hi there lollya
just to let you know when i read your article it sounded like you were talking about me. as i have just had my twelfth miscarriage and nobody knows what's happening. they have all been before 12 weeks and all been in the last 9 years. i am only 26 so that's all i hear from people..... you have plenty of time left. but as you say all i want is to hold a baby in my arms please if you do get any more information or advice please let me know and i must say all the luck in the world with this pregnancy. Nat x
- Natalie14
5
thankyou for that advice. ive had a d&c for almost all of them bar two so that would make sense. i was advised that they would not affect future pregnancies but im starting to think i need a second opinion. im so scared at the moment as my partner is starting to feel that we shud stop trying all together as he cant bear to see me go thru another miscarriage but the thought of stopping is too much. i feel an ache that wont go until i finally hold a baby in my arms.
- anon1376
3
Have you had a lot of D&C's? D&C's are responsible for creating scar tissue in the uterus and that scar tissue increases infertility and rates of miscarriage, significantly. The more D&C's you've had the more likely it is that you have scar tissue in your uterus. You should find a doctor who is experienced and qualified with diagnosing this, as many women are going undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Also, they can help you find a qualified doc to remove this scar tissue (if you have it) and the rates for a healthy birth outcome, after having this condition corrected, is about the same as someone who never had the condition. Hope this helps and I'm so sorry about your loss. - SRA
- anon1307
1
i have suffered form 12 miscarriages before 12 weeks in the last 6 years. the doctor cannot find any major reason why but i cant beleive that its just bad luck. i do try and do everything possible to prevent this but it does not seem to be any good and i lose them. can anyone offer sum suggestions as i am desperate to have a baby and am currently pregnant but dont think i could deal with another miscarriage