An occurrence of lupus rash on the face is most commonly caused by a form of systemic lupus erythematosus called cutaneous lupus erythmatosus. Three sub-types of cutaneous lupus are known to cause three different types of rash. These three sub-types are chronic, subacute, and acute cutaneous lupus. While the primary location of a rash caused by lupus is the face, it is not uncommon for a rash to appear anywhere on the body, particularly on spots exposed to light. Although cutaneous lupus causes a rash, it is still a form of a systemic condition, which means it can affect the whole body.

Lupus is a form of an autoimmune disease. This means that the disease causes the immune system to attack the cells in the body. Skin cells are targeted by cutaneous lupus erythematosus. There are three types of this form of lupus that can cause lupus rash on the face: chronic cutaneous lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus, and acute cutaneous lupus.

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, also called discoid lupus, causes lupus rash on the face that has lesions shaped like a disk. Many people will develop a rash on other areas of the body, but most outbreaks occur on the face. The lesions are usually thick and scaly and do not generally itch or burn. Skin discoloration and scarring often result from repeat occurrences. The rash is often very sensitive to light and can worsen with prolonged exposure.

Lupus rash on the face can also be caused by subacute cutaneous lupus. These lesions have noticeable edges and resemble red rings. Although the rash commonly occurs on areas that are exposed to sunlight such as the arms, a face rash is also likely. Generally, itching and scarring are not likely to occur, but mild discoloration is possible.

Acute cutaneous lupus is another possible cause of lupus rash on the face. With this type of lupus, active systemic lupus is frequently the primary cause. A malar rash, also called a butterfly rash, occurs with this form of lupus. Butterfly rashes resemble a butterfly and stretch from one cheek to the other, crossing over the bridge of the nose.

Treatment of lupus rash on the face generally occurs with a dermatologist. Creams and ointments can be applied to the rash to aid healing. Steroid injections can also be provided and are injected into the rash. All three types of lupus rash are photosensitive, and during the occurrence of a rash direct contact with light should be avoided.