Hardened arteries, also called atherosclerosis, are caused by the build up of plaques in the arterial walls. Such plaques can consist of varied substances, including cholesterol. Typically, the condition develops over a period of many years. Over this time, the affected arteries become thickened and irregular, resulting in the narrowing of the inner arterial channels and decreased blood flow.

Pinpointing one specific factor that stimulates the hardening of the arteries can be difficult. However, there are a number of things that contribute to the development of hardened arteries. High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking are known to be causative factors in the condition. Hardened arteries may be caused or worsened by obesity and stress as well. Genetics may also be involved in the development of this condition.

When a person has hardened arteries, deposits begin to build up on the affected arterial walls. This buildup may cause cells to produce additional substances in the arteries. As a result, these substances may form additional layers, further blocking the arteries.

Often, the larger arteries and the coronary arteries are affected by this condition. Over time, hardened arteries can lead to poor circulation. A person with hardened arteries may also be at increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

Symptoms related to hardened arteries include leg pain, high blood pressure, kidney failure, aortic aneurysm, blood clots, angina, and heart attack. Frequently, individuals develop hardened arteries without experiencing any obvious symptoms until the condition reaches advanced stages. Therefore, it is wise to know your family medical history and stay particularly alert for symptoms if the condition runs in your family.

Usually, individuals don't develop symptoms or complications from hardened arteries until they are at least middle aged. However, some individuals have been diagnosed with the condition in their twenties. As such, adults of all ages should be aware of the condition, its effects, and related symptoms.

A major part of diagnosis of this condition involves the medical history of the patient. Certain non-invasive tests, such as ultrasound imaging, may be used in diagnosis. Angiography, an invasive test, may be used as well. When arteries of the legs or brain are affected, computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or angiograms may be ordered.

Prevention is key to avoiding the negative consequences of hardened arteries. To help lessen your risk of developing this condition, avoid smoking, get adequate rest and exercise, and follow a healthy diet. If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, or cholesterol, follow your doctor's advice for controlling these conditions. Furthermore, try to reduce stress in your life, as stress can contribute to the development of not only hardened arteries, but also many other health conditions.