Foot and ankle swelling is quite common and can be caused by many things. Common causes of foot and ankle swelling include prolonged standing or sitting, foot and ankle injury or trauma such as a sprained ankle, being overweight, age and some health conditions that include high blood pressure, heart failure or arthritis. There can be many causes to foot and ankle swelling, but one must first assess overall health and lifestyle to rule out specific causes of swelling.

Swelling in the feet and ankles is most apparent because of the effect of gravity, but many causes of this swelling can be a direct result of excess fluid buildup called peripheral edema, or water retention. It is most evident in older people. This swelling can also be caused by complications in the veins of the legs.

At times, diseases that affect the entire body, such as heart disease, liver or kidney failure, can also cause foot and ankle swelling. In these circumstances, an excess of fluid develops in the body, when the body’s purifying organs, such as the liver, kidney or heart, are not functioning properly. Particular precautions need to be taken if these diseases are thought to be causes of foot and ankle swelling, because a visit to a physician might be necessary.

Other conditions such as infections, blood clots, burns, insect bites and malnutrition can all cause swelling in the feet and ankles. Additionally, pregnancy is a common cause of lower extremity swelling, as are hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. These hormones are often found in larger amounts in the drugs used for hormone replacement therapy or in birth control pills.

Medications can also play a significant role in foot and ankle swelling. Steroids, blood pressure medications and antidepressants can all cause swelling. Lymphatic obstruction, a blockage of the lymph nodes in the legs, can also lead to foot and ankle swelling, as can excessive varicose veins.

When treating foot and ankle swelling, one must first assess all potential causes, then make adjustments to maintain a healthy lifestyle. One should avoid prolonged sitting or standing. In such circumstances as flying or long road trips, one should stretch his or her legs and walk as often as possible. A person should avoid tight clothing or things such as garters or other straps around the thighs. One can promote blood flow by wearing comfortable clothing and exercising the legs whenever possible in restrictive situations.

To relieve foot and ankle pain, one should elevate the legs about the heart while lying down. This will aid in reducing fluid buildup and will help the heart to pump blood from the lower extremities. Support stockings purchased at any drugstore might also be used to help reduce foot and ankle swelling.

The risk of developing swollen feet and ankles can be reduced if one eats a diet that is low in salt and processed foods and high in vegetables, fruits and whole grains. One should drink plenty of water to help flush toxins from the body and should exercise regularly. If excess weight is an issue, one can pursue an effective weight loss regimen.