Varicose veins are blood vessels which have become enlarged. They classically appear in the extremities, and over time, they will become twisted and raised, making them clearly visible on the calves and feet. A variation on varicose veins, spider veins, is caused through the same process which creates varicose veins.

This condition appears most commonly in the lower legs because the lower legs are ideally suited to the formation of varicose veins. As blood circulates through the body, the veins in the lower legs must work especially hard to push blood up to the heart, since the blood must contend with gravity. Over time, the valves in the veins become loose, allowing blood to pool in the veins and causing them to stretch. As the veins stretch, they lose their elasticity, becoming swollen and lumpy.

There are no immediate medical problems associated with varicose veins. People usually choose to treat them because the excessively dilated veins may look and feel unsightly. In some cases, people may experience pain, itchiness, or throbbing in their lower extremities, and occasionally ulcerous sores may form. Sores require medical attention, as they indicate an underlying medical problem.

People can reduce the risk of developing varicose veins by staying active, wearing loose clothing, and ensuring that they do not stand or sit for extended periods. People with heavier weights also appear to be at increased risk of developing varicose veins, as are pregnant women. Periodically elevating the legs in a seated position can also help the blood circulate more easily, keeping the valves in the veins in good shape.

Once varicose veins start to appear, there are a number of treatment options. Some people choose to do nothing at all, accepting varicose veins as part of the aging process. Others may choose to wear compression garments, which can help, and to engage in exercise. Varicose veins can also be treated with procedures like a sclerotherapy injection, in which a substance is injected into the veins to tighten and close them. Offending veins can also be removed in vein stripping, or closed off with lasers and other surgical treatments.

Because varicose veins are considered unsightly in many cultures, there are a variety of products on the market which claim to eliminate varicose veins. People should think carefully before using such products, as they may be useless at best or potentially dangerous. If varicose veins are an issue, a doctor should be consulted to discuss treatment options, including forms of alternative medicine which may be effective in varicose vein treatment.